Manuscript Preparation

A manuscript/article for publication is an original work that presents new knowledge. This new knowledge can be conceptualized in many ways but it is important that it builds upon already existing knowledge, adds to the discipline and makes a convincing case for its own acceptance. In the sections to follow, we will break down each section in detail.

Quick links
● Author instructions for IJB journals
● Author instructions for JBES journals
● Author instructions for IJAAR journals
● Author instructions for IJBB journals
● Author instructions for IJMM journals

Manuscript presentation
The manuscript should contain sections such as Title, Abstract, Introduction, Materials & Methods, Results & Discussion, Conclusion, Acknowledgement and finally References. No other subheadings should be given in the manuscript.

How to format a Manuscript (General notes)

• Manuscripts must be clearly written in English and should be typewritten with a font Times New Roman of 11 pt, leaving adequate margins on all sides to allow reviewers’ remarks. Please 1.5 space for all materials. The length of the paper including text, tables and figures should not exceed 25 pages. Place all tables and figures within the text.
• Manuscripts must include the sections listed below in the order they are presented.
• Do not incorporate any footer or headers in your submission.
• Turn off Track Changes.
• Do not include line numbers.
• Do not include notes or footnotes.
• Do not number the titles or on lines.
• The final manuscript should not be more than 3MB. Number the pages consecutively with the first page containing:

Scientific ethics in manuscript writing

• Persons who have significant contributions to conducting the research must not be excluded from the authors list and persons without having any contribution should not be included as authors.
• No Plagiarism but rephrases or rearticulates giving proper reference.
• Be cautious about the novelty and copyrights of others.

Manuscript Structure:
A. Title page:
The title page should contain the title of the article, the full names of authors and institutional full addresses for all authors and the email of the corresponding author. Abstract and Keywords should be included.

i) Title: A good title should contain the fewest possible words that adequately describe the contents of a paper. The title should be.

• Informative, meaningful & specific (not vague).
• Neither too short nor too long.
• Must be chosen with extreme care since it will be read by thousands of people while a few will go thru the entire paper.
• Words like ‘studies on’, ‘investigation on’ etc. should be avoided.
• Don’t USE unnecessary jargon, uncommon, abbreviations, ambiguous terms, or unnecessary detail, Focus on part of the content only

ii) Author(s) name: Should provide the full name of all authors as Md. Anowar Razvy (or M. A. Razvy)

iii) Authors affiliations: Should provide institutional full address for all assigned authors of the research findings as Department of Plant Science, University of Dhaka, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh.

iv) *Corresponding author(S): The name and email address of the corresponding author should also be included, mentioned on the corresponding author by marking star (*). The corresponding author is fully responsible for any disputes arising due to the publication of his/her manuscript.

v) Abstract
For original investigations and brief reports, the abstract is limited to 250 words. The abstract should not contain any undefined abbreviations or references or exaggerated conclusions. A good abstract should (i) state the principal objectives and scope of the investigation, (ii) describe the methodology employed, (iii) summarize the results and (iv) state the principal conclusion.

vi) Keywords
Keywords should be very selective and appropriate with 5 to 7 keywords. While choosing keywords, imagine you are looking for your article in a certain database. Keywords are important for indexing: they enable your manuscript to be more easily identified and cited. Avoid uncommon abbreviations and general terms.

B. Main Text
Original Investigations and Brief Report contain the section of Introduction, Material, Methods (or Materials and Methods), Results and Discussion (or Results and Discussion).

i) Introduction
Provide the necessary background information to put your work into context. The introduction should provide within 2-3 paragraphs based on the type or category of information presented with the motivation and aims of the study.
Don’t include:

• Describe methods, results or conclusions other than to outline what was done and achieved in the final paragraph.
• Description of how the data will be collected and analyzed.
• In brief terms, what was achieved?
• An extensive review of the field.
• Cite disproportionately your own work, work of colleagues or work that supports your findings while ignoring contradictory studies or work by competitors

ii) Materials and Methods/Methodology
It needs to give full details by which competent workers can report the experiment. For materials, include the exact technical specifications and quantities and source or methods of preparation. For methods, the usual order of presentation is chronological. This section must be brief but informative. Clearly explain how you carried out your study according to the following generalized structure:

• What materials were used?
• How the experiment was structured or designed?
• How the experimental procedure was done? (i.e. protocol for recording the data & it should be realistic).
• How the data were analyzed?

Note:

• Please give an appropriate *sub-heading for each of the categories or methods used or procedure, study areas, analysis etc.
• Write most of this section in the past tense using passive voice. Do not include any results

iii) Results/Case studies
It is the most significant part of a paper. The Results section presents the experimental data to the reader and is not a place for discussion or interpretation of the data. The data itself should be presented in tables and figures. Introduce each group of tables and figures in a separate paragraph where the overall trends and data points of particular interest are noted. You may want to indicate the placement of a particular table or figure in the text. For experimental studies, key statistics such as the number of samples (n), the index of dispersion (SEM, SD) and the index of central tendency (mean, median or mode) must be stated without reference. Include any statistical analysis that was performed and make sure to indicate specific statistical data, such as p-values.

Give an appropriate sub-heading based on the parameters you studied to consider bellows matters.

• It should be short but clearly represented without wordiness.
• No discussions should be included here.
• Use Tables and Figures to organize all the data systematically: Tables to show exact values; Figures to show trends or relationship effects.
• Figures and Tables should be easy to understand without the reader having to refer to the text.
• Do not include both a Table and a Figure showing the same information.
• Textual representation mentioning the key findings must be provided with each table and the figure uses different tenses while giving different information in the result section. e.g. i) Something has been done during the study, present in past tense ii) Something in the paper itself (Table, Figure) present in the present tense.

Note:
● Presented each table and figure in the paper must be referred to in the results section without reference.

iv) Discussion
The discussion section, often the most difficult to write, should be relatively easy if the previous suggestions have been followed. In particular, look to the last paragraph of the introduction. If the work has characterized a phenomenon by studying specific effects, use the results to describe each effect in separate paragraphs. If the work has presented a hypothesis, use the results to construct a logical argument that supports or rejects your hypothesis. If the work has identified three main objectives for the work, use the results to address each of these objectives. A well-defined study that is described in the Introduction, along with supporting results that are presented in the Results section, should ease the construction of the Discussion section. Begin the Discussion section with a brief paragraph that again gives an overview of the work. Summarize the most important findings and, if applicable, accept or reject the proposed hypothesis. Next, identify the most interesting, significant, and remarkable findings that were presented in the Results section, and contrast these findings in light of other studies reported in the literature. It is often informative if a discussion of the potential weaknesses of the interpretation is also included. Finally, at the end of the Discussion section, consider the other works in the literature that address this topic and how this work contributes to the overall field of study.

Finalize the discussion section according to the following criteria –

• Try to present the principles, relationships and generalization shown by the results. Discuss, and do not recapitulate the results.
• Point out any exceptions or any lack of correction, and define unsettled points.
• Show how your results and interpretations agree (or contract) with previously published works.
• Discuss both theoretical implications, as well as practical applications.

Note:
● The author should be more focused on the justification of the results. The most important part of the discussion is the justification of your own findings not comparing your findings to previous reports.

v) Conclusions
It is important to include the practical implications of your research in the Conclusions chapter, discussing what the implications are for practitioners, companies etc. Again, first introduce the work and then briefly state the major results. Then state the major points of the discussion. Finally, end with a statement of how this work contributes to the overall field of study. The Conclusions section can be written up by using the following structure.

• Introduction, Results, Significance of the research implications, Limitations, Recommended topics for further study

Note:
● Author should present conclusion in one or two paragraphs with the whole maters.

vi) Acknowledgements
Provide a brief statement acknowledging the efforts of any participants or consultants who are not included as authors of the manuscript. State all of the funding sources for the work, ensuring that the statement adheres to the guidelines provided by the funding institution. Acknowledgements of people, grants, funds, etc. should be placed in a separate section before the References.

vii) Declaration of interests
All authors must declare any conflicts of interest. When submitting your manuscript to the INNSpub journals, you will be asked whether you have any conflicts of interest. As submitting author, it is your responsibility to ascertain any conflicts of interest from your co-authors and to declare these accordingly. This section is for acknowledging individuals and institutions whose assistance and support the authors wish to mention.

viii) References
The paper should be prepared in the style of the journal to which the paper is submitted. Guidance on referencing style can be found in the Author Guidelines for the specifically chosen journal, Check the Authors instructions for the correct ‘reference’ format.  Include all references that have been cited in the text. The references should be well considered so that they contain all key sources in the field as well as previous studies that support or motivate the present work. However, do not include extraneous references in an effort to simply cite particular authors or journals. It may be appropriate to cite previous publications from your own laboratory. You must use the reference format that is mandated by the journal to which you are submitting the manuscript. Software packages make citing literature particularly easy. References should be cited without numbers and then listed in ascending order at the end of the paper

Furthermore remarkable job to do so for-

• The journal titles should not be abbreviated or in italics, it must be in full in the reference section and the DOI number must include for any articles. If no DOI is assigned to the content and you retrieved it online, include the URL and the date the article was last accessed.
• Pleases put full reference by name of author and year as Razvy, 1980 or Razvy et. al., 2000 as an internal reference on the citation.
• Reference must be followed by author instructions. It has to be very accurate. See author instructions or sample paper on our website for details.

ix) Supplementary material
Unpublished material such as tables and figures that relate to the manuscript but are too lengthy to be printed with the manuscript can be submitted online as Supplementary Material. These should be in a final, viewable format such as MS word, Photos, tables and PDF. You will be able to upload this material when you submit your manuscript. Do not include material that has been published previously or is otherwise under copyright restriction.

Final checklist for submission
The authors must ensure that before submitting the manuscript for publication, they have taken care of the following matters:
● The title page should contain the full title, name of the author/co-authors, their designation & institutions they are affiliated with an email address for future correspondence.
● Abstract in structured format up to 250 words.
● References are mentioned as stated in the Instruction to Authors section.
● Tables should be typed on separate pages.
● Make sure for Headings of Tables, their numbers and Captions of illustrations. Don’t repeat the information.
● Photographs illustrations with high resolution and their captions.
● Copy right agreement added with the signature of the corresponding author/All authors.
● Disclosure regarding source of funding and conflict of interest if any besides approval of the study from respective Committee/Institution Board.
● Letter of Undertaking signed by all the corresponding author/authors.

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More links
| Submit to IJB | Submit to JBES | Submit to IJAAR | Submit to IJBB | Submit to IJMM

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