Physico-chemical quality of the Okpara River waters in northeastern Bénin

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Research Paper 01/08/2019
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Physico-chemical quality of the Okpara River waters in northeastern Bénin

Fadéby Modeste Gouissi, Nonvignon Martial Fassinou, Dagbédji Damien Toffa, Hermione Amoukpo, Iris Fadohan, Carine Lysette Zinsou, Gbetoho Kemal Bessan, Opeyemi Adeosun, Justin-Fred Anaeto OgonnA, Roch Christian Johnson
Int. J. Biosci. 15(2), 380-395, August 2019.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2019; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

Water is a natural element essential to life. Man makes it polluted, which poses a real threat to human beings. This study aims to evaluate the physico-chemical quality of Okpara River waters in the commune of Parakou and Tchaourou in the Northern part of Republic of Bénin. Ten (10) sampling sites were selected and fourteen (14) physico-chemical parameters were studied: Water temperature, hydrogen potential, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, turbidity, total dissolved solids, nitrates, nitrites, phosphate, calcium, magnesium, chemical oxygen demand, iron and chloride. Only four (04) of these parameters were found not to be within World Health Organization (WHO) and Bénin’s permissible limits for drinking water. This is firstly the temperature 27.29 °C ± 1.11 exceeding the standards required by WHO (25 °C) and Bénin (25 °C). Then the turbidity 61.50 NTU ± 49.26 exceeds the standards of WHO (˂5 NTU) and Bénin (5 NTU). The dissolved oxygen 3.84 mg/L ± 1.630 is also below the WHO standard (5≤ O2 ≤8) and the standard required by Bénin (≥ 5 mg/L). Finally, the iron 2.06 mg/L ± 0.70 also exceeds the standards required by WHO (0.2 mg/L) and Bénin (0.3 mg/L). The results obtained by the different physico-chemical parameters were affected by the study’s season or the condition of analysis. Given these results, the Okpara River waters, which mainly is the economic sustenance for a good part of the population of Parakou, are qualified as polluted through its physicochemical constituents evaluated, which are very low by the recommended standards.

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