Pollination Efficiency of Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Flowers of Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) at Bilone (Obala, Cameroon)
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Pollination Efficiency of Apis Mellifera L. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Flowers of Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp. (Fabaceae) at Bilone (Obala, Cameroon)
Abstract
To evaluate Apis mellifera impact on pod and seed yields of Vigna unguiculata, its foraging and pollinating activities were studied in Bilone during the rainy season of 2016 and 2017. Treatments included unlimited flowers access by all visitors, bagged flowers to avoid all insects’ pollinators and limited of single visit of A. mellifera worker. For each year of study, observations were made on 40±7 flowers per treatments. Apis mellifera foraging behavior and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results show that this bee foraged nectar and pollen on V. unguiculata flowers during the whole blooming period. The number of seeds per pod of unprotected flowers were significantly higher than those of flowers protected from insects (P<0.001). Through its pollination efficiency, A. mellifera provoked a significant increment the number of seeds per pod by 2.34% in 2016 and 18.89% in 2017 and the percentage of normal seeds by 0.28% in 2016 and 0.17% in 2017. The installation of A. mellifera colonies close to V. unguiculata fields is recommended to increase pod and seed yield in the region.
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