Pollination efficiency of Braunsapis sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon)
Paper Details
Pollination efficiency of Braunsapis sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon)
Abstract
This research was carried out to evaluate the impact of Braunsapis bees on fruit and seed yields of sunflower in an experimental field from June to July in 2016 and 2017 at Dang. Observations were made on 540 capitula divided in four treatments: two treatments differentiated according to the presence or absence of protection of capitula regarding Braunsapis sp. and other insect visits; the third with capitula protected and uncovered when florets were opened, to allow Braunsapis sp. visits and the fourth with capitula destined to opening and closing without the visit of insects or any other organism. Bee’s daily rhythm of activity, its foraging behavior on flowers and its pollination efficiency were evaluated. Results show that, Braunsapis sp. foraged on H. annuus flowers throughout its whole blooming period. Among 33 insect species recorded on H. annuus capitula, Braunsapis sp. ranked third accounting for 7.63 % all visits, after Apis mellifera (76.06%) and Ceratina sp. (10.79%). On florets, individual bees intensely harvested nectar and slightly collected pollen. The mean duration of a visit per floret was 3.79 sec for nectar harvest visits and 9.94 sec for pollen collection visits. For the two years, through its pollination efficiency on H. annuus, Braunsapis sp. has increased the fruiting rate by 52.67%, the percentage of fruit with seed by 39.50% and the percentage of normal seeds by 73.51%. Hence, conservation of Braunsapis sp. nests close to H. annuus fields is recommended to improve pod and seed production in the region.
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Faïbawa Esaïe, Dounia, Fameni Tope Sidonie, Otiobo Atibita Esther Nadine, Tchuenguem Fohouo Fernand-Nestor (2018), Pollination efficiency of Braunsapis sp. (Hymenoptera: Apidae) on Helianthus annuus L. (Asteraceae) flowers at Dang (Ngaoundéré, Cameroon); IJAAR, V13, N4, October, P22-36
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