Population estimation, proximate analysis and physico-chemical analysis of brown trout and rainbow trout in Swat River, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/04/2015
Views (244) Download (10)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Population estimation, proximate analysis and physico-chemical analysis of brown trout and rainbow trout in Swat River, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

Tariq Khan, Sumaira Abbas, Khizar Samiullah, Farhat Jabeen, Riffat Yasin, Muhammad Samee Mubarik, Muhammad Hafeez-ur- Rehman, Sajid Yaqub, Khurram Feroz, Saleem Akhter
J. Bio. Env. Sci.6( 4), 418-427, April 2015.
Certificate: JBES 2015 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

The present study was planned to find out the population status of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) along 50 Km long belt of river Swat, from Madayan to Mahoodhand village. Four sampling sites (SSs) namely Madayan (SS1), Mainkiyal (SS2), Kalam (SS3) and Mahoodhand (SS4) were fixed, visited fortnightly and fish samples were captured through cast nets. Netting index, Percent relative abundance, physico-chemical analysis (temperature, alkalinity, hardness, pH and dissolved oxygen) and proximate analysis were conducted. Heavy metal concentrations were also recorded. It is suggested that human interference, overfishing through illegal ways and reasons causing destruction of spawning ground and brood stock should be overcome by population awareness and implementations of rules by the Government so that population of trout in this area may be uplifted for the benefit of mankind.

VIEWS 16

Aftab T, Tahira S, Khan B, Muhammad NC. 2011. Physicochemical Properties, Contamination and Suitability of Canal Water for Irrigation, Lahore Branch Pakistan. Pakistan Journal of Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 12(1), 88-94.

Alper B, Abidin K, Yuksel KB. 2003. The effect of Yatagan thermal power plant (Mugla, Turkey) on the quality of surface and ground waters. Water Air and Soil Pollution 149, 93-111. http://dx.DOI: 10.1023/A:1025660629875

AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International. Official method 937.07, fish and marine products (17th ed.) Gaithersburg, MD: AOAC.

AOAC. 2006. Official methods of analysis of AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) 18th Edi. Horwitz W, editor. AOAC International: Publishing. Gaithersburg, Maryland.

APHA. 2005. Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater. 21st Ed, American Public Health Association, Washington, DC. ISBN-10: 0875530478, p. 1200.

Baig SA, Qaisar M, Bahadar N, Altaf H, Muhammad N. 2010. Assessment of seasonal variations in surface water quality of Chitral River, KPK, Pakistan. World Applied Sciences Journal 9(6), 674-680.

Bernhard M. 1976. Manual of methods in aquatic environment research, part 3: sampling and analyses of biological material. FAO Fish. Tech. Paper. No. 158.UNEP Rome

Celik M, Mahmut AG, Nuri B, Kucukgulmez A, Bozan O, Tabakoglu SS. 2007. Nutritional quality of Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) caught from the Ataturk dam lake in Turkey. Journal of Muscle Foods 19, 50-61.

Erdem ME, Baki B, Samsun S. 2009. Fatty acid and amino acid compositions of cultured and wild sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax L., 1785) from different regions in Turkey. Animal and Veterinary Advances. 8(10),1959-1963.

Gladyshev MI, Sushchik NN, Gubanenko GA, Demirchieva SM, Kalachova GS. 2006. Effects of way of cooking on content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids in muscle tissue of humpback salmon (Oncorhynchus gorbuscha). Food Chemistry 96, 446–451.

Hassan A, Ishaq M, Farooq A, Sadozai SH. (2007). Economics of trout fish farming in the northern areas of Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 23(2), 407-410.

Hatlevik SP. 19870. The lake trout of Tutshi lake life history and preliminary assessment of annual sustainable yield. British Columbia Ministry of Environment Fish and Wildlife Branch Smithers, B.C. Skeena Fisheries Report No: 67.

Hayat R. 2007. Saving of river swat from growing pollution.[internet].[cited 2007 August 27];Available from://DAWAN.com.

Hei AC, Sarojnalini. 2012. Proximate Composition, Macro and Micro Mineral Elements of some Smoke-dried Hill Stream Fishes from Manipur, India. Natural Sciences 10(1), 59-65.

Honda KR, Tatsukawa, Fujiyama T. 1982. Distribution  characteristics  of  heavy  metals  in  the organs and tissues of striped dolphin, Stenellacoeruleoalba. Agricultural and biological chemistry 46, 3011-3021.

Indrajith HAP, Pathiratne KAS, Pathiratne A. 2008. Heavy metal levels in two food fish species from Negombo estuary, Sri Lanka: Relationships with the body size. Sri. Lanka. Journal of Aquatic Sciences13, 63-81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/sljas.v13i0.2207

Nepal AP, Basnyat SR, Lamsal GP, Joshi LP, Mulmi RM. 2002. Economics of rainbow trout farming system in Nepal. FAO. Fisheries Technical Papers. 431, 173-185.

Obasohan EE. 2008. The use of heavy metals loads as an indicator of the suitability of the water and fish of Ibiekuma stream for domestic and consumption purposes. Bioscience research communications 20(5), 2008052/20506.

Oliva-Teles A. 2000. Recent advances in European sea  bass  and  gilthead  sea  bream  nutrition.  Aqua International 8, 477-492. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1009236517555

Ozturk M, Ozozen G, Minareci O, Minareci E. 2009. Determination of heavy metals in fish, water and sediments of Avsar Dam Lake in Turkey. Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 6(2), 73-80.

Pakistan Economic Survey. 2001. Government of Pakistan, Islamabad.

Petr T, Swar DB. 2002. Cold water fisheries in the trans-Himalayan countries. FAO Fisheries Technical Paper. Rome. 431, 364.

Petr T. 2002. Coldwater fish and fisheries in countries of the high mountain arc of Asia (Hindu Kush-Pamir-Karakoram-Himalayas). FAO Fisheries Technical paper. Rome. 431, 4-7.

Robbins C, Felicetti L, Florin S. 2010. The impact of protein quality on stable nitrogen isotope ratio discrimination and assimilated diet estimation. Oecologia 162, 571-579.

SAS. 2000. Statistical Analysis Systems. Program 9(1); SAS institute incorporation. Cary. NC 27513. USA.

Tocher DR, Bell JG, Mcghee F, Dick JR, Fonscea-Madrigal J. 2003. Effects of dietary lipid level and vegetable oil on fatty acid metabolism in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar; L.) over the whole production cycle. Fish Physiology and Biochemistry 29, 193-209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/B:FISH.0000045722.4418 6.ee

Toppe J,  Albrektsen  S,  Hope B,  Aksnes  A. 2007.  Chemical  composition,  mineral  content  and amino acid and lipid profiles in bones from various fish species. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology 146, 395-401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.11.020

Tuan YH, Phillips RD, Dove CR. 1999. Predicting integrated protein nutritional quality Part 1: Amino Acid Availability Corrected Amino Acid Score and nitrogen balance data fitted to linear and non-linear models for test proteins. Nutrition Research 19, 1791-1805.

Usydus Z, Szlinder-Richert J, Adamczyk M. 2009. Protein quality and amino acid profiles of fish products available in Poland. Food Chemistry 112,139-145.

Yaqoob M. 2002. Cold Water Fisheries of Pakistan, Aquaculture & Fisheries Research Institute, National Agriculture Research Centre, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan.

Yaramaz  O.  1986.  Investigation  of  some  heavy metal accumulation in Cyprinus carpio, S. glanis, A. anguilla from Golcuk and Marmara Lake. VII Turkish Biology Congress, Izmir, Turkey 2, 444–453.

Yesilayer  N,  Nurset  G.  2013.  Comparison  of proximate and fatty acid compositions of wild brown trout and farmed rainbow trout. Go to the pages of our  journals,  South  African  Journal  of  Animal Science 43(1), 89-97.

Zeb BS, Malik AH, Waseem A, Mahmood Q. 2011.  Water  quality  assessment  of  Siran  River, Pakistan. International Journal of Physical Sciences6(34), 7789 -7798. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/IJPS11.1385