Quantitative and qualitative responses in chemical composition of three ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) cultivated in Iran climatic conditions

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/03/2015
Views (357) Download (12)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Quantitative and qualitative responses in chemical composition of three ecotypes of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) cultivated in Iran climatic conditions

Vahid Abdossi, Aysan Ghahremani, Amin Hadipanah, Hamidreza Ardalani, Kazem Aghaee
J. Bio. Env. Sci.6( 3), 401-407, March 2015.
Certificate: JBES 2015 [Generate Certificate]

Abstract

Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.), is a small genus of annual, biennial or perennial herbs and aromatic plant belonging to the family Apiaceae. The aim of this study was to identify of the chemical components of fennel cultivated in Iran climatic conditions. The seeds of F. vulgare were collected from three ecotypes (Kermanshah, Hamadan and Shahrekord) province in Iran, during 2014. The essential oil was extracted by a Clevenger approach and analyzed using GC/MS. In total, 28, 30 and 24 compounds were identified in seeds of fennel in Kermanshah, Hamadan and Shahrekord province, respectively. The major components in Kermanshah were; trans-anethole (63.21%), fenchone (9.2%), linalool (7.12%), p-cymene (4.13%), limonene (3.17%) and methyl chavicol (3.14%). The major components in Hamadan were; trans-anethole (70.2%), p-cymene (5.4%), linalool (5.41%), fenchone (4.6%) and methyl chavicol (4.21%). The major components in Shahrekord were; trans-anethole (61.5%), fenchone (11.5%), methyl chavicol (7.31%), limonene (6.7%), linalool (6.16%) and p-cymene (3.46%). The differences in the quantity or quality of the oils composition of the present and previous studies may be because of the chemotypes, phenological stage, drying conditions, mode of distillation and geographic and climatic factors.

VIEWS 11

Adams  RP.  2007.  Identification  of  essential  oil components by gas chromatography/mass spectrometery, 4th Ed., p. 456, Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL.

Ardalani HR, Hadipanah A, Pourrezvani SE. 2014. Foliar Application Gibberellic acid and ethanol on flower yield and phenolic compositions in marigold (Callendula officinalis L.). Electronic Journal of Biology, 2014. Vol. 10(3), 73-78.

Badgujar SB, Patel VV, Bandivdekar AH. 2014. Foeniculum vulgare Mill, A Review of Its Botany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Contemporary Application, and Toxicology. Biomed Research Journal 1, 1-21.

Bernath J, Nemeth E. 1996. Morphological and chemical evaluation of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) populations of different origin. Journal of Essential Oil Research 8(3), 247-253.

Choi EM, Hwang JK. 2004. Anti-inflammatory, analgesic and antioxidant activities of the fruit of Foeniculum vulgare. Fitoterapia 75, 557–565.

Damjanovic B, Lepojevic Z. 2005. Extraction of fennel (Foeniculum vulgar Mill.) seeds with supercritical CO2, Comparison with hydro distillation. Food Chemistry 92(1),143–149.

Diaaz-Maroto MC, Pearez-Coello MS. 2006. Comparison of the volatile composition of wild fennel samples (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) from Central Spain. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 54, 6814–6818.

El Ouariachi E, Lahhit N, Bouyanzer B. 2014. Chemical composition and antioxidant activity of essential oils and solvent extracts of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. from Morocco. Journal of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Research 6(4),743-748.

Garcia-Jimenez N, Peerez-Alonso MJ, Velasco-Negueruela A. 2000. Chemical Composition of Fennel Oil, Foeniculum vulgar Miller, from Spain. Journal of Agriculture and Food Chemistry 12(2), 159-162.

Gross M,  Friedman J, Dudai  N, Larkov  O. 2002. Biosynthesis of Estragole and Transanethole in Bitter Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill. var. vulgare) Chemotypes. Changes in SAM, Phenylpropene Omethyltransferase Activities during Development. Plant Science 163, 1047-1053.

Koppula S, Kumar H. 2013. Foeniculum vulgare Mill (Umbelliferae) attenuates stress and improves memory in wister rats, Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12(4), 553–558.

Krishnamurthy KH. 2011. Medicinal plants, Madhurik.a, saunf or fennel (Foeniculum vulgare, Gaertn), Journal of New Applied Medicinal Heal 19(1), 1–4.

Lahhit N, Bouyanzer A. 2011. Fennel (Foeniculum Vulgare) essential oil as green corrosion inhibitor of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution. Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 29(2), 127-138.

Moghtader M. 2013. Comparative survey on the essential oil composition from the seeds and flowers of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. from Kerman province. Journal of Horticulture and Forestry 5(3), 37-40.

Mozaffarian V. 2008. A pictorial dictionary of botany botanical taxonomy Latin-English French-Germany-Persian. Germany, Koeltz Scientific Books, 522.

Msaada K, Hosni K. 2007. Changes on essential oil composition of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) fruits during three stages of maturity. Food Chemistry 102, 1131-1134.

Ozcan M, Akgul A. 2001. Chemical composition of the essential oil of bitter fennel subsp. piperitum). Journal of Spices Aromatic Crops 10, 49-50.

Ozcan MM, Chalchat JC. 2003. Comparative essential oil composition and antifungal effect of bitter fennel (Foeniculum vulgare subsp. piperitum) fruit oils obtained during different vegetation. Journal of Medicinal Food 9(4), 552-561.

Raal A, Orav A, Arak E. 2011. Essential Oil Composition of Foeniculum vulgare Mill. Fruits from Pharmacies in Different Countries. Natural Production Research 26(13), 1173–1178.

Radulovic NS, Blagojevic PD. 2010. A note on the volatile secondary metabolites of (Foeniculum vulgare Mill) Apiacea. Physics and Chemistry Technology 8(1), 25 – 37.

Rahimi R, Ardekani MRS. 2013. Medicinal properties of Foeniculum vulgare Mill in traditional Iranian medicine and modern phytotherapy, Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 9(1), 73–79.

Rahimmalek M, Maghsoudi H, Sabzalian MR, Ghasemi Pirbalouti A. 2014. Variability of essential oil content and composition of different Iranian Fennel (Foeniculum vulgare Mill.) accessions in relation to some morphological and climatic Factors. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology 16, 1365-1374

Rather MA, Dar BA, Sofi SN. 2012. Foeniculum vulgare, A comprehensive review of its traditional use, phytochemistry, pharmacology, and safety. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 2, 1-10.

Rechinger KH. 1987. Flora Iranica, Umbelliferae. Akad. D.U. Graz, 555.

Singh G, Maurya S. 2006. Chemical constituents, antifungal and antioxidative potential of Foeniculum vulgare volatile oil and its acetone extract. Food Control 17, 745-752.

Sodeifian G and Ansari K. 2001. Optimization of Ferulago angulata oil extraction with supercritical carbon dioxide. Journal of Super Fluid 3, 38-57.

Stefanini MB, Ming LC. 2006. Essential oil constituents of different organs of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare var.vulgare). Review of Medicinal Plants 8,193-198.