Seasonal variation of physico-chemical characteristics of water, using diatoms as a bio-indicator and diversity index of water quality, district Mardan, KP, Pakistan
Paper Details
Seasonal variation of physico-chemical characteristics of water, using diatoms as a bio-indicator and diversity index of water quality, district Mardan, KP, Pakistan
Abstract
The present research work was conducted to study the impact of water on diatoms growth in different seasons. Diatoms are excellent indicators and used for the assessment of water quality of district Mardan, KP, Pakistan. Algal and water samples were collected in different seasons during the year 2016. A total of 78 species and 27 genera of diatoms were isolated. Results revealed that maximum number of diatoms (49 species) were recorded in winter followed by autumn (39 species) summer (22 species) to the minimum (17 species) in spring. This may be attributed to the presence of favourable nutrients requirement in winter, autumn and summer than spring resulted in maximum number of diatoms. This fact may revealed that water in winter and autumn receiving more effluents from residential areas and industries than summer and spring that positively promoted the diatoms growth. Most dominant species of diatoms were reported for the genera Navicula, Nitzschia, Cymbella, Gyrosigma and Ghomphonema. Water was analysed for their physicochemical properties: temperature (12.5–31.7˚C), pH (8.7–9.2), turbidity (59.6–156 NTU), TDS (158.6–414 mg/l), TSS (100–212 mg/l) and electrical conductivity (341–435 μS/cm) were calculated. Diversity of the diatoms species was calculated through Margalef index (d), Pielou’s evenness index (J′), Simpson’s index (D) and Shannon-Wiener index (H′). Statistical analysis showed that temperature and total dissolved solids were highly significant while pH was only significant in diatoms growth. The growth of diatoms showed positive correlation with total dissolved solids, electrical conductivity and total suspended solids.
Al-Jizani HRG. 2005. Organic pollution and its impact on the diversity and abundance of plankton in the Shatt Al-Arab, Al-Ashaar and Al-Robat Channel. M.Sc. Thesis, College of Education, University of Basrah. 82 pp. (In Arabic).
Addy K, linda G. 1996. Algae in Aquatic System. Fact Sheet No. 96-4.
Akcali I, Kucuksezgin FA. 2011. Biomonitoring study: Heavy metals in macroalgae from eastern Aegean coastal areas. Marine Pollution Bulletin 62, 637–64.
Bellinger EG, Sigee DC. 2015. Freshwater Algae: Identification and Use as Bioindicators. John Wiley & Sons, 01-42.
Buragohain BB, Yasmin F. 2014. Biomonitoring of pollution by microalgae community in aquatic system with special reference to water quality of river Kolong, Nagaon, Assam, India. International Journal of Applied Science Biotechnology. 2(1), 45-49.
Collins FS. 1909. The Green Algae of North America. Tufts College Studies, 480.
De La Ray PA. 2004. Determining the possible application value of diatoms as indicators of general water quality: A comparison with SASS 5″. Water SA, 30(3).
Edler L, Elbrächter M. 2010. The Utermöhl method for quantitative phytoplankton analysis: Microscopic and molecular methods for quantitative phytoplankton analysis. Paris: UNESCO Publishing, 12-13.
Gunale VR, Balakrishnan MS. 1981. Biomonitoring of eutrophication in the Pavana, Mula and Mutha Rivers flowing through Poona. Indian Journal Environmental Health. 23(4), 316-322.
Gupta KP, Kumar N. 2014. Biopurification of Mine Wastewater through Aquatic Plants– A Review. ISSN: 2321-0869, Vol. 2, Issue-6.
Hosmani SP. 2013. Fresh Water Algae as Indicators of Water Quality. Universal Journal of Environmental Research and Technology. Volume 3(4), 473-482.
Jafari NG. Gunale VR. 2006. Hydrobiological Study of Algae of an Urban Freshwater River. Journal of Applied Science Environmental. 10(2), 153 – 158, ISSN 1119-8362.
Kadhim NF. 2014. Monthly Variations of Physico-Chemical Characteristics and phytoplankton species diversity as index of water quality in Euphrates River in Al-Hindiya barrage and Kifil City region ofIraq. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare. 4(3), ISSN 2225-093X (Online).
Kumar A, Sahu R. 2012. Ecological Studies of Cyanobacteria in Sewage Pond of H.E.C industrial area, Ranchi India. Bioscience Discovery, 3(1), 73-78. ISSN: 2229-3469.
Kumar HD. 1990. Introductory Phycology. Pub. Affiliated East West Press Pvt. Ltd.
Mahadik BB, Jadhav MJ. 2013. A Preliminary on algal biodiversity of Ujani Reservoir, India. Bioscience Discovery 5(1), 123-125. ISSN 2229-3469.
Nadan SN, Aher NH. 2005. Algal community used for assessment of water quality of Haranbaree dam and Mosam river of Maharashtra. Journal Environmental Biology. 26, 223-227.
Palmer GM. 1969. A composite rating of algae tolerating organic pollution. Phycology l5, 78-82.
Polge N. 2010. Epipelic Algal Flora in the Küçükçekmece Lagoon. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10, 39-45.
Prescott GW. 1962. Algae of the Western Great Lakes area. W. M. C. Brown Company, Dusuoue, Iowa, 1-1000.
Round FE. 1965. The biology of the algae. Edward Arnold pub. London. P. 269.
Round FE. 1956a. A note on some communities of the littoral zone lakes. Arch F Hydrobiology, 52: 3-28.
Sen B, Mehmet TA, Feray S, Mehmet A, Turan, K, Ozgur C. 1927. Relationship of Algae to Water Pollution and Waste Water Treatment. www.creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0.
Swift E. 1967. Cleaning Diatom Frustules with Ultraviolet Radiation and Peroxide. Phycologia, 6(2), 161-163.
Transeau EN. 1951. The Zygnemataceae. Ohio State University. Press, Columbus, 327.
World Health Organization. 2004. Guidelines for drinking water quality, 3rd Ed. World Health Organization, Geneva. Net/Publish Articles/198.pdf). www.aygrt
Zargar S, Ghosh TK. 2006. Influences of cooling water discharges from Kaiga nuclear power plant on selected indices applied to plankton population of kadra reservoir. Journal Environmental Biology 27, 191-198.
Mursaleen, Syed Zahir Shah, Liaqat Ali, 2018. Seasonal variation of physico-chemical characteristics of water, using diatoms as a bio-indicator and diversity index of water quality, district Mardan, KP, Pakistan. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 12(3), 50-59.
Copyright © 2018 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.