Spatial variability and digital mapping of Zn content in soil and foliage of wheat producing area in district Jhelum-Pakistan
Paper Details
Spatial variability and digital mapping of Zn content in soil and foliage of wheat producing area in district Jhelum-Pakistan
Abstract
Evaluation of agricultural land management practices with reference to precision agriculture depends upon knowledge of soil spatial variability. This research work was carried out to illustrate the spatial heterogeneity of bioavailable and foliage Zn content in wheat fields of Jhelum which contributes most of the wheat producing area in Pothwar region of Pakistan. Soil samples were obtained from surface (0-15 cm) and subsurface (15-30 cm) from 90 selected (sparse) sites to cover the whole area for preparing precise digital maps. Coordinates were recorded using GPS receiver (Garminee-trex). Data were subjected to descriptive statistics to examine the central tendency of data. Geostatistical technique (semivariogram) was applied to compare the spatial dependence of the data sets. Digital maps classifying the surveyed area into differential nutrient status zones were prepared by using ordinary kriging. Soils of the surveyed area were categorized as slightly to strongly alkaline and generally low in organic matter content. A widespread bioavailable and foliage Zn deficiency was observed in the surveyed area. Bioavailable Zn was found to be moderately (15-30 cm) to strongly spatial dependent (0-15 cm), while foliage Zn was moderately spatial dependent. Moderate to strong spatial dependence is considered as a pre-requisite for digital mapping. The results indicated a need for site specific Zn management keeping in view the soil heterogeneity.
Ahmad H, Siddique MT, Hafiz IA, Ehsan-ul-Haq. 2010. Zn status of apple orchards and its relationship with selected physico-chemical properties in Murree tehsil. Soil and Environment 29, 142–147. Online ISSN: 2075-1141.
Ahmed H, Siddique MT, Ali S, Abbasi NA, Khalid A, Khalid R. 2014. Micronutrient indexing in the apple orchards of Northern Punjab, Pakistan using geostatistics and GIS as diagnostic tools. Soil and Environment 33, 07–16.
Ahmed H, Siddique MT, Iqbal M, Hussain F, 2017. Comparative study of interpolation methods for mapping soil pH in the apple orchards of Murree, Pakistan. Soil and Environment 36, 70-76.
Alloway BJ. 2008. Zinc in soils and crop nutrition. 2nd Edition, IZA and IFA Brussels, Belgium and Paris, France.
Aslam M. 2016. Agricultural productivity current scenario, constraints and future prospects in Pakistan. Sarhad Journal of Agriculture 32, 289-303. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17582/journal.sja/2016.32.4.289.303
Attar A, Jafarnejadi A, Sayyad G, Gholami A. 2012. Spatial variability of iron and zinc concentrations in the soils of wheat farms. Advances in Environmental Biology 6, 1620-1625.
Bhatti AU. Mulla DJ, Frazier BE. 1991. Estimation of soil properties and wheat yields on complex eroded hills using geostatistics and thematic mapper images. Remote Sensing of Environment 37, 181-191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-4257(91)90080-P
Burgess TM, Webster R. 1980. Optimal interpolation and isarithmic mapping of soil properties. Journal of Soil Science 3, 315-331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.13652389.1980.tb02100.x
Cambardella CA, Moorman TB, Parkin TB, Karlen DL, Novak JM, Turco RF, Konopka AE. 1994. Field-scale variability of soil properties in central Iowa soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal 58, 1501-1511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800050033x
Celik H, Katkat AV. 2007. Some parameters in relation to iron nutrition status of peach orchards. Journal of Biological and Environmental Sciences 1, 111-115.
Eltaib SM, Soom MAM, Hanafi MM, Shariff ARM, Wayayok A. 2002. Spatial variability of N, P, and K in rice field in Sawah Sempadan, Malaysia, Songklanakarin. Journal of Science and Technology 24, 321-328.
Foth HD, Ellis BG. 1997. Soil Fertility, 2nd ed. Wellington, New Zealand. Lewis CRC Press LLC, USA., p 290.
Gee GW, Bauder JW. 1986. Particle size analysis. In: Methods of Soil Analysis. Part-1 Physical and Mineralogical Methods. A. Klute (ed.) American Society of Agronomy, Madison, Wisconsin, USA 383-411.
Gooding MJ, Davies WP. 1997. Wheat Production and Utilization: Systems, Quality and Environment. CAB International, Oxford.
Gupta PK. 2004. Soil, plant, water and fertilizer analysis. Shyam Printing Press, Agrobios, India, p 438.
Hani A, Pazira E, Manshouri M, Babaie KS, Ghahroudi MT. 2010. Spatial distribution and mapping of risk elements pollution in agricultural soils of southern Tehran, Iran. Plant Soil and Environment 56, 288–296.
Jin J, Jiang C. 2002. Spatial variability of soil nutrients and site-specific nutrient management in the P.R. China. Computer and Electronics in Agriculture 36, 165-172.
Jin JW, Ye HC, Xu YF, Shen CY, Huang YF. 2012. Spatial and temporal pattern of soil fertility, quality and analysis of related factors in urban-rural transition zone of Beijing. Advances in Environmental Biology 6, 1620–1625.
Khalid R, Mahmood T, Bibi R, Siddique MT, Alvi S, Naz SY. 2012. Distribution and indexation of plant available nutrients of rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. Soil and Environment 31, 146-151.
Latif R, Ali S, Hayat R. 2008. Nitrogen fixation and yield of peanut affected by inorganic fertilizers, variety and inoculums interaction in rainfed areas of Punjab. Soil and Environment 27, 77-83.
Leoppert RH, Hallmark CT, Koshy MM. 1984. Routine procedure for rapid determination of soil carbonates. Journal of Soil Science Society of America 48, 1030-1033.
Lindsay WL. 1972.Inorganic phase equilibria of micronutrients in soils. In: Micronutrients in Agriculture. J.J. Mortvedt, P.M. Giordano and W.L. Lindsay (eds.). Soil Science Society of America, Inc. Madison, Wisconsin USA., p 41-57.
Mclean EO. 1982. Soil pH and lime requirement. In: Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2: Chemical and Microbiological Properties. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (eds.). American Society of Agronomy. Madison, WI, USA., p. 198–209.
Nelson DW, Sommers LE. 1982.Total carbon, organic carbon and organic matter. In Methods of Soil Analysis, Part 2. Chemical and Microbiological Properties. A.L. Page, R.H. Miller and D.R. Keeney (eds.). American Society of Agronomy Madison, WI, USA., P 539-579.
Neubert P, Wrazidlo W, Vielemeyer HP, Hundt I, Gollmick F, Bergmann W. 1970. Tables of Plant Analysis. Institute of Plant Nutrition Jena.
Patil RH, Laegdsmand M, Olsen JE, Porter JR. 2010. Effect of soil warming and rainfall patterns on soil N cycling in Northern Europe. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment 139, 195-205.
Rashid A, Rafique E, Bughio N, Yasin M. 1997. Micronutrient deficiencies in rainfed calcareous soils of Pakistan. IV. Zinc nutrition of sorghum. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 28, 455-467. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103629709369803
Rizwan M, Siddique MT, Ahmed H, Iqbal M, Ziad T. 2016. Spatial variability of selected physico-chemical properties and macronutrients in the shale and sandstone derived soils. Soil and Environment 35(1), 12-21.
Robertson GP. 2008.GS+: Geostatistics for the Environmental Sciences. Gamma Design Software, Plainwell, Michigan USA.
Robinson TP, Metternicht G. 2006. Testing the performance of spatial interpolation techniques for mapping soil properties. Computers and Electronics in Agriculture 50, 97–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compag.2005.07.003
Ryan J, Estefan G, Rashid A. 2001.Soil and Plant Analysis Laboratory Manual. 2ndedn. Jointly published by the International Center for Agricultural Research in the Dry Areas (ICARDA), Aleppo, Syria and the National Agricultural Research Center (NARC) Islamabad, p 139-140.
Shalini K, Devenda HS, Dhindsa SS. 2003. Studies on causes and possible remedies of water and soil pollution in Sanganer town of Pink City. Indian Journal of Environmental Science 7, 47-52.
Sillanpaa M. 1990. Micronutrient assessment at the country level: An international study, FAO Soils Bulletin 63. FAO/Finish International Development Agency, Rome, Itlay.
Soltanpour PN. 1985. Use of AB-DTPA soil test to evaluate elemental availability and toxicity. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 16, 323-338. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00103628509367607
Soltanpour PN, Workman S. 1979. Modification of NaHCO3 DTPA soil test to omit carbon black. Communication in Soil Science and Plant Analysis 10, 1411-1420.
Thakor KM, Dharaiya N, Singh V, Patel A, Mehmood K, Kalubarme MH. 2014.Spatial variability mapping of micronutrients to improve productivity using Geo-informatics Technology in Gujarat state, India. International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research 5, 1021-1027.
Wang ZM, Song KS, Zhang B, Liu DW, Li XY, Ren CY, Zhang SM, Luo L, Zhang CH. 2009. Spatial variability and affecting factors of soil nutrients in croplands of Northeast China: a case study in Dehui County. Plant Soil and Environment 55, 110–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/323-PSE
Wojcik P. 2007. Vegetative and reproductive responses of apple trees to zinc fertilization under condition of acid coarse textured soil. Journal of Plant Nutrition 30, 1791–1802. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01904160701627033
Ghulam Nabi, Humair Ahmed, Ijaz Ali, Shahid Maqsood Gill (2019), Spatial variability and digital mapping of Zn content in soil and foliage of wheat producing area in district Jhelum-Pakistan; IJB, V14, N3, March, P72-81
https://innspub.net/spatial-variability-and-digital-mapping-of-zn-content-in-soil-and-foliage-of-wheat-producing-area-in-district-jhelum-pakistan/
Copyright © 2019
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0