Sustainable maize production through seed inoculation and different tillage regimes
Paper Details
Sustainable maize production through seed inoculation and different tillage regimes
Abstract
Maize is ranked as the third important cereal crop used as staple food after wheat and rice across the globe. However, population is increasing very rapidly and land holdings sizes are decreasing. Moreover, increasing input prices are also forcing the farmers switch towards conservative production systems. This situation needs yield increase per unit area to meet the food demands of increasing population. In this scenario, use of bio fertilizers with proper soil tillage practices can improve agricultural productivity on sustainable basis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impacts of various tillage practices (Conventional, deep tillage and zero tillage) and seed inoculation strains on growth, yield and quality of spring sown maize. The experiment was conducted in RCBD in split plot arrangement with three replications. Maize hybrid (DKC-6142) was used as test cultivar. Both the qualitative and quantitative parameters of maize were significantly affected by tillage regimes and inoculation strains. However, their interaction was found non-significant for all the studied traits. Yield related traits and grain yield was significantly better recorded when maize seeds were inoculated and non-inoculated maize seeds performs poor in term of all these parameters. However, maize seeds sown without application of inoculum produced highest oil starch contents. Among the tillage practices, yield related traits, grain yield and protein contents were significantly better in conventional tillage followed by deep tillage, while performance of maize sown under zero tillage was poor in terms of these traits. However, crop sown under zero tillage produced highest oil and starch contents. In crux, seed inoculation of maize seeds may be used as an option to increase the maize yields in conventional system to meet the food demands of ever increasing population.
Ahadiyat YR, Ranamukhaarachchi SL. 2008. Effects of tillage and intercropping with grass on soil properties and yield of rain fed maize. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 10, 133-139.
Ahmad N, Rashid M, Vaes AG. 1996. Fertilizer and their use in Pakistan. NFDC Pub. No. 4/96, 2nd Ed., Islamabad, 274.
Albuquerque JA, Sangoi L, Ender M. 2001. Modification in the soil physial properties and maize parameters including by cropping and grazing under two tillage systems. Revista-Braseilera-de-Ciencia-do-Solo 25, 717-723.
Anonymous. 1990. Official methods of analysis of the association of official analytical chemists. In: Helrich K, ed. 15th Ed. Vol 11. Association of Analytical Chemists Inc., Virginia, USA.
Asghar HN, Zahir ZA, Arshad M, Khaliq A. 2002. Plant growth regulating substances in the rhizozphere: microbial production and functions. Advances in Agronomy 62, 146-151.
Barzegar AR, Asoodar MA, Khadish A, Hashemi AM, Herbert SJ. 2003. Soil physical characteristic and chickpea yield response to tillage treatments. Soil and Tillage Research 71, 49-57.
Bashan Y, Holguin G, de-Bashan LE. 2004. Azospirillum–plant relationships: Physiological, molecular, agricultural, and environmental advances (1997–2003). Canadian Journal of Microbiology 50, 521-577.
Behl RK, Sharma H, Kumar V, Singh KP. 2003. Effect of dual inoculation of VA micorrhyza and Azotobacter chroococcum on above flag leaf characters in wheat. Journal of Agricultural and Soil Science 49, 25-31.
Burd GI, Dixon DG, Glick BR. 2000. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria that decrease heavy metal toxicity in plants. Canadian Journal of Microbiology 33, 237-245.
Cakmakc RI, Aydýn DF, Sahin AF. 2006. Growth promotion of plants by plant growth- promoting rhizobacteria under greenhouse and two different field soil conditions. Soil Biology and Biochemistry 38, 1482-1487.
Cociu AI, Alionte E. 2011. Yield and some quality traits of winter wheat, maize and soybean, grown in different tillage and deep loosening systems aimed to soil conservation. Romanian Agricultural Research 57, 129-142.
Garcìa JAL, Probanza A, Ramos AB, Barriuso J, Mañero FJG. 2004. Effect of inoculation with plant growth promoting Rhizobacteria (PGPRs) and Sinorhizobium fredii on biological nitrogen fixation, nodulation and growth of Glycine max cv. Osumi. Plant and Soil 267, 143-153.
Gholami AS, Shahsavani, Nezarat S. 2009. The effect of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) on germination, seedling growth and yield of maize. In: Anonymous, ed. Proceedings of Word Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 2070-3740.
Karunatilake U, van Es HM, Schindelbeck RR. 2000. Soil and maize response to plow and no-tillage after alfalfa-to-maize conversion on a clay loam soil in New York. Soil Tillage and Research 55, 31-42.
Khalid A, Arshad M, Zahir ZA. 2003. Growth and yield response of wheat to inoculation with auxin producing plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Pakistan Journal of Botany 35, 483-498.
Kizilkaya R. 2008. Yield response and nitrogen concentrations of spring wheat (Triticum aestivum) inoculated with Azotobacter chroococcum strains. Ecological Engineering 33, 150–156.
Lal R, Kimble J, Follet R. 1997. Land use and soil C pools in terrestrial ecosystems, In: Lal, R, Kimble J, Follett R, Stewart BA, Eds. Management of Carbon Sequestration in Soil, Advances in Soil Science, CRC Lewis Publishers, Boca Raton, Florida, USA, 1-10.
Low NH. 1990. Food analysis, 417/717 Labortary Manual, Department of Applied Microbiology and Food Science. University of Saskatchewn, Canada, 37-38.
Lucangeli C, Bottini R. 1997. Effects of Azospirillum spp. On endogenous gibberellins content and growth of maize (Zea mays L.) treated with uniconazol. Symbiosis 23, 63-71.
Malakuti MJ, Tehrani MH. 2001. Effects of micro nutrients on the yield and quality of agricultural products: Micronutrients with macro-effects. Publications of Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Marchner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants 2nd ed. Academic Press, London, 542.
Marwat, KB, Arif M, Khan MA. 2007. Effect of tillage and zinc application methods on weeds and yield of maize. Pakistan Journal of Botany 39, 1583-1591.
Monzon JP, Sadras VO, Andrade FH. 2006. Fallow soil evaporation and water storage as affected by stubble in sub-humid (Argentina) and semi-arid (Australia) environments. Field Crops Research 98, 83-90.
Naserirad H, Soleyanifard A, Naseri. 2011. Effect of integrated application of Bio-fertilizer on grain yield, yield components and associated traits of maize cultivars. American-Eurasiann Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences 10, 271-277.
Núñez EV, Bens F, Valenzuela-Encinas C, Alcántara-Hernández RJ, Zavala-Díaz De La Serna FJ, Govaerts B, Marsch R, Castro-Silva MLC, Ruiz-Valdiviezo VM, Verhulst N. 2012. Bacterial diversity as affected by tillage practice in a raised bed planting system. African Journal of Microbiology Research 6, 7048-7058.
Ozturk A, Caglar O, Sahin F. 2003. Yield response of wheat and barley to inoculation of plant growth promoting rhizobacteria at various levels of nitrogen fertilization. Jounal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science 166, 262–266.
Pommel, B, Mouraux D, Cappellen O, Ledent JF. 2002. Influence of delayed emergence and canopy skips on the growth and development of maize plants: a plant scale approach with CERES-Maize. European Journal of Agronomy 16, 263-277.
Poudel DD, Hoawath WR, Lanini WT, Temple SR, Van-Bruggen AHC. 2002. Comparison of soil N availability and conventional farming systems in northern California. Agriculture, Ecosystem and Environment 90, 125-137.
Rashidi M, Keshavarzpour F. 2007. Effect of different tillage methods on grain yield and yield components of Maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 9, 274-277.
Saif U, Maqsood M, Farooq M, Hussain S, Habib A. 2003. Effect of planting patterns and different irrigation levels on yield and yield components of maize (Zea mays L.). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 1, 64–6.
Samarajeewa KBDP, Horiuchi T, Oba S. 2006. Finger millet (Eleucine corocana L.Garetn) as a cover crop on weed control, growth and yield of soybean under different tillage systems. Soil and Tillage Research 90, 93-99.
Shaharoona B, Arshad M, Khalid A. 2007. Differential response of etiolated pea seedling to 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate and/or L-methionine utilizing rhizobacteria. Journal of Microbiology 45, 15-20.
Steel RDG, Torrie JH, Dickey DA. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics. A Biometrical Approach. 3rd ed. McGraw-Hill, New York, 665.
Stefan M, Munteanu N, Stoleru V, Mihasan M. 2013. Effects of inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria on photosynthesis, antioxidant status and yield of runner bean. Romanian Biotechnology Letters 18, 8132-8143.
Valencia RA, Salamanca CR, Navas GE, Baquero JE, Rincón A, Delgado. 2004. Evaluation of Agropastoral Systems in the Colombian Eastern Plains. In: Guimarães EP, Sanz JI, Rao IM, Amezquita MC, Amezquita E, Thomas RJ. Agropastoral Research in the Tropical Savannas of Latin America. International Center for Tropical Agriculture, Cali, Colombia, 299.
Vita PD, Paolo ED, Fecondo G, Fonzo ND, Pisanted M. 2007. No tillage and conventional tillage effects on durum wheat yield, grain quality and soil moisture content in Southern Italy. Soil and Tillage Research 92, 69-78.
Wani SP. 1990. Inoculation with associative nitrogen fixing bacteria: Role in certain grain production improvement. Indian Journal of Microbiology 30, 363-393.
Wilkins DE, Simens MC, Albrecht SL. 2002. Changes in soil physical characteristics during transition from intensive tillage to direct seeding. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers 45, 877-880.
Zahir AZ, Arshad M, Khalid A. 1998. Improving maize yield by inoculation with plant growth promoting rhizobacteria. Soil Science Journal of Pakistan 15, 7-11.
Zahir AZ, Arshad M, Frankenberger WF. 2004. Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria; applications and perspectives in agriculture. Advances in Agronomy 81, 97-168.
Zhang T, Wang Z, Yin Y, Cai R, Yan S, Li W. 2010. Starch content and granule size distribution in grain of wheat in relation to post-anthesis water deficits. Journal of Agronomy and Crop Sciences 196, 1-8.
Ali Hassan, Muhammad ShahidIbni Zamir, Imran Khan, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Ahmad Mahmood, Azraf ul Haq Ahmed, Faisal Mahmood (2014), Sustainable maize production through seed inoculation and different tillage regimes; IJAAR, V4, N3, March, P67-76
https://innspub.net/sustainable-maize-production-through-seed-inoculation-and-different-tillage-regimes/
Copyright © 2014
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0