The evaluation of airborne respirable particulates in opencast mining area of Jharia coal field using grimm 1.109 real-time portable aerosol spectrometer
Paper Details
The evaluation of airborne respirable particulates in opencast mining area of Jharia coal field using grimm 1.109 real-time portable aerosol spectrometer
Abstract
Mining of coal is believed to be an environmentally unfriendly activity as all the components of environment are affected adversely. Out of these, air environment in particular is getting deteriorated significantly by various mining and associated activities, thereby causing severe harmful consequences to the exposed population. In spite of this, coal mining is essential for the development of the nation as coal forms the back-bone for electricity generation. The main emphasis of this research study has been given on the assessment of the respirable particulate matters (PM10, PM2.5, PM1)generated due to variety of mining activities specifically drilling, loading & unloading, movement of heavy duty vehicles in haul road, mine fire, etc by Grimm 1.109 Portable Aerosol Spectrometer. The study included three – hour of sampling events at three selected sampling location during peak working hours in an Opencast project (OCP) of Jharia coal field(JCF). Meteorological data during study period were also collected. The emission rate (Q) for the two selected locations in OCP was evaluated. The first location reflects drilling operation whereas second location represents the emission due to combined effect of loading/unloading operation along with mine fire. The results from Grimm 1.109 Portable Aerosol Spectrometer revealed high concentration of particulate matter (respirable, thoracic and alveoli fractions) due to various mining activities. The SEM-EDX analysis of PM10 samples collected on a fiberglass filter using a Respirable Dust Sampler was also performed in order to determine morphological/elemental status of particulate matter.
Ameida IT, Eston SM Assuncao JV. 2002. Characterization of Suspended Particulate Matter in Mining Areas in Sao Paulo, Brazil, International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 16, 171-179.
Allen G, Sioutas C, Koutrakis P, Reiss R, Lurmann FW, Roberts PT. 1997. Evaluation of the TEOMs method form measurement of ambient particulate mass in urban areas. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 47, 682–689.
Baddock Matthew C, Zobeck Ted M, Scott Van Pelt R, Fredrickson Ed L. 2011.Dust emissions from undisturbed and disturbed, crusted playa surfaces: Cattle trampling effects. Aeolian Research 3, 31–41.
Brugge D, Durant JL, Rioux C. 2007.Near highway pollutants in motor vehicle exhaust: are views of epidemiologic evidence of cardiac and pulmonary health risks. Environmental Health 6, 23.
Brulle RJ, Pellow DN. 2006. Environmental justice: human health and environmental inequalities. Annual Review of Public Health 27, 103–124.
Burkart J, Steiner G, Reischl G, Moshammer H, Neuberger M, Hitzenberger R. 2010. Characterizing the performance of two optical particle counters (GrimmOPC1.108 and OPC1.109) under urban aerosol conditions. Journal of Aerosol Science 41, 953-962.
Cheng YH. 2008. Comparison of the TSI Model 8520 and Grimm Series 1.108 portable aerosol instruments used to monitor particulate matter in an iron foundry. Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 5, 157–168.
Davidson CI, Phalen RF, Solomon PA. 2005.Airborne particulate matter and human health: are view. Aerosol Science and Technology 39, 737– 749.
Grimm H, Eatough D. 2009. Aerosol measurement: the use of optical light scattering for the determination of particulate size distribution, and particulate mass, including the semi-volatile fraction. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 59, 101–107.
Gifford FA. 1961.Uses of Routine Meteorological Observations for Estimating Atmospheric Dispersion, Nuclear Safety 2, 47-51.
Hauck H, Berner A, Gomiscek B, Stopper S,Puxbaum H, Kundi M, Preining O. 2004.On the equivalence of gravimetric PM data with TEOM and beta-attenuation measurements. Journal of Aerosol Science 35, 1135–1149.
Hinds WC. 1999. Aerosol technology: properties, behavior, and measurement of airborne particles. New York: John Wiley & Sons.2. Inc. 242–248 P.
Lehocky AH, Williams PL. 1996. Comparison of respirable samplers to direct reading real-time aerosol monitors for measuring coal dust. American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal 57, 1013– 1018.
Lippman M, Yeates DB, Albert RE. 1980. Deposition, retention, and clearance of inhaled particles .British Journal of Industrial Medicine 37, 337–362.
Mecham Justin, Pahler Leon, Derslice Van Jim, Larson Rod. 2010.Monitoring concentrations of select metals in workplace smelter airborne particulates using a Grimm 1.109 Real-time Portable Aerosol Spectrometer. Journal of Chemical Health and Safety 17, 13-20.
Ostro, Bart. 1994. “Estimating the Health Effects of Air Pollutants: A Method with an Application to Jakarta.” Policy Research Working Paper 1301. World Bank, Policy Research Department, Washington, D.C.
Page SJ, Organiscak JA. 2004.Semi-Empirical Model for Predicting Surface Coal Mine Drill Respirable Dust Emissions. International Journal of Surface Mining, Reclamation and Environment 18, 42-59.
Pasquill F. 1961. The Estimation of the Dispersion of Windborne Material. Meteorological Magazine 12, 33-45.
Patashnick H, Rupprecht G. 1980.New real time monitoring instrument for suspended particulate mass concentration—TEOM. Journal of the American Chemical Society 179, 51.
Peavey HS, Rowe DR, Tchobanoglous G. 1985.Environmental Engineering, McGraw-Hill, New York.
Peters TM, Ott DO Shaughnessy PT. 2008. Comparison of the Grimm 1.108 and 1.109 Portable Aerosol Spectrometer to the TSI 3321 aerodynamic particle sizer for dry particles. Annals of Occupational Hygiene 50, 843–850.
Pipal AS, Kulshrestha Aditi, Taneja A. 2011.characterisation and morphological analysis of airborne PM2.5 and PM10 in Agra located in North Central India. Atmospheric Environment 45, 3621-3630.
Pope CA III, Dockery DW. 2006.Health effects of fine particulate air pollution: lines that connect. Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association 56, 709–742.
Shahsavani A, Naddafi K, Haghighifard Jafarzade N, Mesdaghinia A, Yunesian M, Nabizadeh R, Arahami M, Sowlat MH, Yarahmadi M, Saki H, Alimohamadi M, Nazmara S, Motevalian SA, Goudarzi G. 2012. The evaluation of PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 concentrations during the Middle Eastern Dust (MED) events in Ahvaz, Iran, from april through september 2010.Journal of Arid Environments 77, 72-83.
Shao Long YI, Wei Jun LI, ShuShen YANG, Zong Bo SHI, Sen Lin LÜ. 2007.Mineralogical characteristics of individual airborne particles collected in Beijing during a severe dust storm period in spring 2002. Science in China Series D-Earth Sciences 50, 953-959.
Sutton O G.1953.Micrometeorology, McGraw-Hill,New York.
Snigdha Kundu, Asim Kumar Pal , 2015. The evaluation of airborne respirable particulates in opencast mining area of Jharia coal field using grimm 1.109 real-time portable aerosol spectrometer. J. Biodiv. Environ. Sci., 6(4), 276-287.
Copyright © 2015 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.