Understanding microbial infections using microarray technology

Paper Details

Review Paper 01/03/2020
Views (692)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Understanding microbial infections using microarray technology

Erin N. White, Evandrew Washington, Lawrence O. Flowers
Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 11(3), 7-13, March 2020.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2020; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

Human microbial infections are symbiotic processes between pathogens and humans that often lead to human disease and death. Microbial infections involve the attachment, growth, and survival of microorganisms on human skin, inside the body, or inside specific cells. Microbial infections can be localized to one body region or migrate to secondary body locations utilizing various transport mechanisms. An understanding of host-pathogen interactions related to the expression of essential genes during and after infection can lead to valuable information for biologists and clinicians. Microarray technologies allow researchers to perform genomic characterization experiments rapidly and efficiently. Microarray experiments support the resolution of underlying molecular events that play a role in normal and aberrant physiologic activities in living systems. Microarray technology, coupled with bioinformatics analysis, generates comprehensive insights into relevant genes, proteins, and protein-protein interactions. This review article explores recent microarray research studies from select protozoan and bacterial pathogens to illustrate how researchers utilize microarray technology to examine aspects of microbial infection. Microarray studies of pathogen and host genomes at different stages of the infection process will generate a more precise understanding of pathogenic life cycles and pathogen survival strategies. Detailed knowledge of the genes involved in the microbial infection process will lead to the discovery of disease biomarkers and potent therapeutic solutions.

Abelenda-Alonso G, Rombauts A, Gudiol C, Meije Y, Ortega L, Clemente M, Ardanuy C. 2020. Influenza and bacterial coinfection in adults with community-acquired pneumonia admitted to conventional wards: Risk factors, clinical features, and outcomes. Open Forum Infectious Diseases 7, 1-8.

Charnock C, Samuelsen Ø, Nordlie A, Hjeltnes B. 2018. Use of a commercially available microarray to characterize antibiotic-resistant clinical isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Current Microbiology 75, 163-172.

Chen H, Li Y, Li T, Sun H, Tan C, Gao M, Xing W. 2019. Identification of potential transcriptional biomarkers differently expressed in both S. aureus– and E. coli-induced sepsis via integrated analysis. BioMed Research International 2019, 1-11.

Chen M, Ai L, Chen J, Feng X, Chen S, Cai Y, Lu Y. 2016. DNA microarray detection of 18 important human blood protozoan species. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10, 1-19.

Dufva M. 2009. Introduction to microarray technology. Methods in Molecular Biology 529, 1-22.

He Z, Li X, Jiang L. 2016. Clinical analysis on 430 cases of infantile purulent meningitis. SpringerPlus 5, 1-6.

Hou Y, Zhang X, Hou X, Wu R, Wang Y, He X, Wang L. 2018. Rapid pathogen identification using a novel microarray-based assay with purulent meningitis in cerebrospinal fluid. Scientific Reports 8, 1-10.

Jia L, Xie J, Zhao J, Cao D, Liang Y, Hou X, Wang L. 2017. Mechanisms of severe mortality-associated bacterial co-infections following influenza virus infection. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 7, 1-7.

Kafsack B, Painter H, Llinás M. 2012. New agilent platform DNA microarrays for transcriptome analysis of Plasmodium falciparum and Plasmodium berghei for the malaria research community. Malaria Journal 11, 1-9.

Keum K, Yoo S, Lee S, Chang K, Yoo N, Yoo W, Kim J. 2006. DNA microarray-based detection of nosocomial pathogenic Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii. Molecular and Cellular Probes 20, 42-50.

Kostić T, Stessl B, Wagner M, Sessitsch A, Bodrossy L. 2010. Microbial diagnostic microarray for food- and water-borne pathogens. Microbial Biotechnology 3, 444-454.

Lee D, Seto P, Korczak R. 2010. DNA microarray-based detection and identification of waterborne protozoan pathogens. Journal of Microbiological Methods 80, 129-133.

Moon E, Xuan Y, Chung D, Hong Y, Kong H. 2011. Microarray analysis of differentially expressed genes between cysts and trophozoites of Acanthamoeba castellanii. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 49, 341-347.

Moon E, Xuan Y, Kong H. 2014. Microarray and KOG analysis of Acanthamoeba healyi genes up-regulated by mouse-brain passage. Experimental Parasitology 143, 69-73.

Petersen D, Chandramouli G, Geoghegan J, Hilburn J, Paarlberg J, Kim C, Munroe D. 2005. Three microarray platforms: An analysis of their concordance in profiling gene expression. BMC Genomics 6, 1-14.

Ranjbar R, Behzadi P, Najafi A, Roudi R. 2017. DNA microarray for rapid detection and identification of food and water borne bacteria: From dry to wet lab. The Open Microbiology Journal 11, 330-338.

Rawson T, Moore L, Castro-Sanchez E, Charani E, Davies F, Satta G, Ellington M. 2020. COVID-19 and the potential long-term impact on antimicrobial resistance. The Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 75, 1681-1684.

Sakai T, Kohzaki K, Watanabe A, Tsuneoka H, Shimadzu M. 2012. Use of DNA microarray analysis in diagnosis of bacterial and fungal endophthalmitis. Clinical Ophthalmology 6, 321-326.

Shridhar P, Patel I, Gangiredla J, Noll L, Shi X, Bai J, Nagaraja T. 2019. DNA microarray-based genomic characterization of the pathotypes of Escherichia coli O26, O45, O103, O111, and O145 isolated from feces of feedlot cattle. Journal of Food Protection 82, 395-404.

Thissen J,mcLoughlin K, Gardner S, Gu P, Mabery S, Slezak T, Jaing C. 2014. Analysis of sensitivity and rapid hybridization of a multiplexed microbial detection microarray. Journal of Virological Methods 201, 73-78.

Tiwary P, Kumar D, Sundar S. 2018. Identification and functional validation of a biomarker for the diagnosis of miltefosine relapse during visceral leishmaniasis. The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 98, 492-496.

Uddin F, mcHugh T, Roulston K, Platt G, Khan T, Sohail M. 2018. Detection of carbapenemases, AmpC and ESBL genes in Acinetobacter isolates from ICUs by DNA microarray. Journal of Microbiological Methods 155, 19-23.

Wang Z, Orlandi P, Stenger D. 2005. Simultaneous detection of four human pathogenic microsporidian species from clinical samples by oligonucleotide microarray. Journal of Clinical Microbiology 43, 4121-4128.

Related Articles

Moringa pods (Moringa oleifera) and katakataka leaves (Kalanchoe pinnata) extract as a natural-derived medical patch against Staphylococcus aureus

Cristine Joyce S. Buenaventura, Catherine B. Balaguer, Alexandrine Erica D. Barcelon, Ayessa Mae D. Cortes, Denise Mikaela A. Doroja, Darylle Cesar G. Hilapo, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(5), 26-35, May 2025.

Purification and analysis of secondary metabolites from actinomycetes isolated from red soil: Insights into their therapeutic application

A. Amrin, M. Muthuselvam, Radha Palaniswamy, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(5), 15-25, May 2025.

Sweet potato-rot disease caused by fungal pathogens: A review on the causal agents and management strategies

Frederick Kankam, Joseph Kwowura Kwodaga, Fataw Yakubu Ware, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(5), 1-14, May 2025.

Fungicidal potential of three plant extracts in the management of root rot disease of sweet potato in storage

Frederick Kankam, Fatawu Yakubu Ware, Joseph Kwowura Kwodaga, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(4), 1-14, April 2025.

Post-surgical tetanus, an infectious pathology still relevant in Guinea

Mamadou Oury Safiatou Diallo, Ibrahima Bah, Fodé Bangaly Sako, Amadou Daye Diallo, Mamadou Saliou Sow, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(3), 12-21, March 2025.

Biodegradation of polystyrene by bacteria isolated from talabang tsinelas (Crassostrea iredalei) in Buguey Lagoon, Cagayan

Robelyn N. Marcos, Jen Pearl L. Benarao, Danica Marie T. Pagatpatan, Mark Key John V. Sabio, Madel B. Tanguilan, Jefferson K. Soriano, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(3), 1-11, March 2025.

Isolation and speciation of Candida from various clinical samples using chrome agar in a tertiary care Hospital in Coimbatore

M. Banumathy, R. Radhika, P. Santhanalakshmi, Int. J. Microbiol. & Mycol. 20(2), 1-7, February 2025.