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Update on the population of Phytophthora sp. agent of cocoa black pod disease in Côte d’Ivoire

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Research Paper 12/12/2023
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Update on the population of Phytophthora sp. agent of cocoa black pod disease in Côte d’Ivoire

Coulibaly Klotioloma, Ouattara Adama, Guiraud Brigitte Sahin, Dibi-Gogbé Françoise, Kouame N’Dri Norbert, Acka Kotaix Jacque, N’guessan Walet Pierre, Mathias, Tahi Gnion, Kone Daouda, N’guessan Kouamé François
Int. J. Agron. Agri. Res.23( 6), 10-20, December 2023.
Certificate: IJAAR 2023 [Generate Certificate]
Key: Black pod diseaseCôte d’IvoirePCR-RFLPPhytophthoraPopulation

Abstract

Black pod disease is a major constraint on cocoa production in all African cocoa-producing countries, particularly Côte d’Ivoire. In Africa, this disease is caused by two main species of the genus Phytophthora (P. palmivora and P. megakarya). The former is cosmopolitan and less aggressive, while the latter is endemic and very aggressive. Traditionally, only the P. palmivora species had been identified on cocoa in Côte d’Ivoire. However, in recent decades, high incidences of the disease have been recorded in several regions of the country, probably due to the emergence of a new species. The aim of this study was to update the population of Phytophthora sp. in Côte d’Ivoire by identifying the Phytophthora species colonizing the cocoa orchard. To this end, in addition to morphological identification, the PCR-RFLP technique using the Alu I and Hae III restriction enzymes, sequencing of the ITS region, and phylogenetic analysis, was used to characterize Phytophthora sp. isolates from the country’s main cocoa-growing areas. The results showed that the approximate size of the DNA fragments of the isolates studied was 900 bp. DNA sequencing of a sample of 50 isolates revealed 60% P. palmivora and 40% P. megakarya. This study provided molecular confirmation of the presence of P. megakarya in Côte d’Ivoire. The use of the PCR-RFLP technique therefore enables rapid and precise identification of Phytophthora species causing cocoa black pod disease. Hence its importance for decision-making in the management of this disease in Côte d’Ivoire.

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