Microbial contamination assessment and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from the surface water of Govantes River, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines
Paper Details
Microbial contamination assessment and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from the surface water of Govantes River, Vigan City, Ilocos Sur, Philippines
Abstract
The world is currently grappling with significant challenges concerning the availability and quality of freshwater resources, which profoundly impact human life. Water-borne diseases remain a leading cause of morbidity in the Philippines. This study assessed the microbiological contamination of the Govantes River in Vigan City, which serves multiple uses, including domestic and agricultural consumption, primary production, transportation, and recreation. Multiple-tube fermentation technique was employed to determine the coliform prevalence, and the Vitek 2 system was used to identify isolated Enterobacteriaceae. The bacteriological analysis revealed that the river is highly contaminated with total and fecal coliforms during the dry and wet seasons. Klebsiella pneumonia (38.10%) was the most prevalent isolate, followed by Providencia stuartii (28.57%), AmpC β-lactamase-producing Enterobacter cloacae (23.81%), and AmpC β-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae (9.52%). The consistently high coliform loads across all sampling stations indicate severe contamination, and the presence of AmpC β-lactamase-producing bacteria is particularly alarming. These findings emphasize the need for comprehensive strategies to revitalize and restore the river system to protect public health.
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