Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry regions of Sri Lanka

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/07/2017
Views (882)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Agronomic status of Sesame/Thala (Sesamum indicum L.) cultivations in dry regions of Sri Lanka

I. A. J. K. Dissanayake, S. M. W. Ranwala, S. S. N. Perera
Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 11(1), 42-50, July 2017.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2017; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

A farmer interview (n=251) was conducted in five Sesame growing districts in dry regions of Sri Lanka (Anuradhapura, Ampara, Hambanthota, Mannar, and Puttalam) to identify the agronomic aspects of Sesame cultivation. A pre-tested questionnaire was used to collect data and the Index of Qualitative Variation (IQV) was calculated to describe and compare the variation within and among the distributions of nominal variables. Results showed that Sesame was mainly grown in Yala season (March to August) of Sri Lanka as a secondary crop to maintain the agricultural lands for primary crops grown during Maha season (November to February). Many farmers were not aware on the Sesame cultivars developed by the Department of Agriculture and had received limited advice on cultivation practices. White seeded Sesame was mainly grown in Hambanthota (South Eastern) while black seeded Sesame was more common in Puttalam and Mannar districts (North Western) of Sri Lanka. Farmer’s selection of Sesame variety was mainly based on the availability of seeds. Sesame was mainly cultivated in small scale (<5 ha) in all the study areas and the production was less than 1t/ha. Application of fertilizer or insecticides during crop growth was rarely recorded and weedicides were often used only during land preparation. Sesame is currently an underutilized crop grown in marginal lands utilizing minimum human resources and agrochemical inputs. High potential for expansion of Sesame cultivation in Sri Lanka on degraded dry lands as ‘organic by default’ was exhibited with dedication of farmers engaged in small scale crop cultivation in the dry zone of Sri Lanka.

Abeysinghe A. 1974. Sesame (Gingelly) cultivation, processing and marketting. Colombo 01, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Plantation Industry.

Anastasi U, Sortino O, Tuttobene R, Gresta F, Giuffrè AM, Santonoceto C. 2017. Agronomic performance and grain quality of Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) landraces and improved varieties grown in a Mediterranean environment. Genetic Resources and Crop Evolution 64, 127-137.

Augstburger F, Berger J, Censkowsky U, Heid P, Milz J, Streit C. 2002. Organic Farming in the Tropics and Subtropics Exemplary Description of 20 Crops – Sesame. Germany: Naturland.

Bahrami H, Razmjoo J, Jafari AO. 2012. Effect of drought stress on germination and seedling growth of Sesame cultivars (Sesamum indicum L.). International Journal of AgriScience 2, 423-428.

Boureima S, Oukarroum A, Diouf M, Cisse N, Van Damme P. 2012. Screening for drought tolerance in mutant germplasm of sesame (Sesamum indicum) probing by chlorophyll a fluorescence. Environmental and Experimental Botany 81, 37-43.

Deepthi P, Shukla CS, Verma KP, Siva Sankar Reddy E. 2014. Yeild Assessment and Influence of Temeperature and Relative Humidity on Charcoal Rot Development in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). The Bioscan 9, 193-195.

Department of Agriculture. 1998. Thala (Gingelly). For Prosperous Sri Lanka: Agricultural technology for timely important crops. Peradeniya, Sri Lanka: Ministry of Land and Agriculture 188-189.

Elleuch M, Besbes S, Roiseux O, Blecker C, Attia H. 2007. Quality characteristics of Sesame seeds and by-products. Food Chemistry 103, 641-650.

Eskandari H, Hamid A, Alizadeh-Amraie A. 2015. Development and maturation of Sesame (Sesamum indicum) seeds under different water regimes. Seed Science and Technology 43, 269-272.

FAO. 2016. FAOSTAT [Online]. Rome, Italy: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Available: http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/TP.

Fazeli F, Ghorbanli M, Niknam V. 2006. Effect of drought on water relations, growth and solute accumulation in two Sesame cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences 9, 1829-1835.

Fazeli F, Ghorbanli M, Niknam V. 2007. Effect of drought on biomass, protein content, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in two Sesame cultivars. Biologia Plantarum 51, 98-103.

Frankfort-Nachmias C, Leon-Guerrerro A. 2014. Social Statistics for a Diverse Society, California: SAGE Publication Inc.

Gunasena HPM. 2001. Thala (Sesame). Kshesthra Bogha Nispadanaya (Field Crop Production). Colombo, Sri Lanka: M.D.Gunasena & Company Ltd 494-501.

Gunda, T., Hornberger, G. M. & Gilligan, J. M. 2016. Spatiotemporal Patterns of Agricultural Drought in Sri Lanka: 1881–2010. International Journal of Climatology 36, 563-575.

Hansen R. 2011. Sesame Profile [Online]. US: Agricultural Marketing Resource Center. Available: http://www.agmrc.org/commodities-products/grains -oilseeds/sesame-profile/.

Hegde DM. 2012. Sesame. In: Peter KV (ed.) Handbook of Herbs and Spices 2nd Ed. England: Woodhead Publishing Ltd 449-486.

Jayaweera DM. 1982. Medicinal plants (Indeigenous and exotic) used in Ceylon- Part II, Colombo, Sri Lanaka: National Science Foundation 198-199.

Langham DR, Riney J, Smith G, Wiemers T. 2008. Sesame grower guide. Texas: Sesaco Corporation.

Olowe V, Adeniregun O. 2011. Appropriate threshing procedure guarantees enhanced grain yield of dehiscent Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.). Agricultura Tropica et Subtropica 44, 2.

Olowe V, Adeyemo Y, Adeniregun O. 2009. Sesame: The underexploited organic oilseed crop. Journal of Science and Sustainable Development      2, 29-32.

Panabokke PR. 1996. Soils and agro-ecological and environments of Sri Lanka, Colombo 7, Sri Lanka: National Resources, Energy and Science Authority of Sri Lanka.

Parrott N, Olesen JE, Høgh-Jensen H. 2006. Certified and non-certified organic farming in the developing world, Wallingford: CABI Publishing.

Pathirana R. 1993. Collection, Evaluation, Maintenance and Utilization of Sesame Germplasm for Breeding Adapted High Yielding Cultivars. Technical Report. Sri Lanka.

Rajapaksha U. 1998. Traditional food plants in Sri Lanka, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka: Hector Kobbekaduwa Agrarian Research and Training Institue, 376-379.

Weeraratna CS, Weerasinghe PA. 2009. Agriculture of Sri Lanka, Dehiwala, Sri Lanka: Sridevi Printers.

Wei X, Liu K, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Wang L, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhao Q, Zhu X, Zhu X, Li W, Fan D, Gao Y, Lu Y, Zhang X, Tang X, Zhou C, Zhu C, Liu L, Zhong R, Tian Q, Wen Z, Weng Q, Han B, Huang X, Zhang X. 2015. Genetic discovery for oil production and quality in Sesame. Nature Communications 6.

Weiss EA. 2000. Sesame. Oilseed crops. 2nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Science Ltd 131-164.

Were BA, Onkware AO, Gudu S, Welander M, Carlsson AS. 2006. Seed oil content and fatty acid composition in East African Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) accessions evaluated over 3 years. Field Crops Research 97, 254-260.

Related Articles

Intertidal seagrass habitat and its macroinvertebrate assemblages in Baylimango, Dapitan City

MA. Dulce C. Guillena, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 27(1), 16-26, July 2025.

Impact of moisture pit planting on growth and yield of upland Taro [Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott]: A climate-smart strategy

J. K. Macharia, T. E. Akuja, D. M. Mushimiyimana, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 27(1), 8-15, July 2025.

Effects of three essential oils on the phytohormones production against Magnaporthe oryzae B.C. Couch, A rice blast pathogen

Ouattara Souleymane, Sama Hemayoro, Sérémé Abdoulaye, Koita Kadidia, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 27(1), 1-7, July 2025.

Boro rice cultivation practices and adaptive strategies of farmers to flash floods in Sylhet haor basin

Nurunnaher Akter, Md. Rafiqul Islam, Md. Abdul Karim, Md. Giashuddin Miah, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 26(6), 7-18, June 2025.

Technology adoption and its impact on environmental and socioeconomic outcomes for vegetable producers in Svay Rieng Province, Cambodia

Hong Chhun, Chun Nimul, Buntong Borarin, Serey Mardy, Sao Vibol, Chan Bunyeth, Tum Saravuth, Ros Vanchey, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 26(6), 1-6, June 2025.

Effect of pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) border crop on the control of cotton bollworms

Lovemore Mutaviri, Washington Mubvekeri, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 26(5), 122-127, May 2025.

Pruning and population density as smart solution to sustainable tomato production

Reychel I. Wamel, Artemio A. Martin Jr., Victoriano V. Casco, Lucila V. Rocha, Int. J. Agron. & Agric. Res. 26(5), 99-112, May 2025.