Anti-cancerous attributes of marine seaweeds: A concise review
Paper Details
Anti-cancerous attributes of marine seaweeds: A concise review
Abstract
Cancer is the association of many diseases it deals with anomalous cell proliferation besides the capacity to invade other body parts. The uncontrolled escalation of cells and migration of these cells to other parts of the body leads to benign and malignant tumors. The biggest challenge in cancer drug remedy is to develop drug or medicines that attack only tumor cells and not affect the healthy ones. This kind of targeted therapy helps us to ignore the devastating side-effects of chemotherapy. This review discusses the anticancerous properties of aquatic seaweeds as this would protect the cells from consequences of chemotherapy. This paper approaches key resource knowledge about marine algae, bioactive compounds produced by algae along with the mechanism regarding extraction of these biologically active compounds. In the current literature, data concerning extraction of anticancerous compounds present in marine seaweeds are reviewed and also it focused on various methods involved in extraction of phytochemical extracts which will be subjected for screening for anticancerous attributes. Marine algae are gratified as considerable sources of natural bioactive substances and at hand has now emerged a new inclination towards separating and identifying such substances and constituents from algae. Additionally, it also includes suspended studies about algal anticancer agents and was completed to communicate the glare of promotion of recent investigation pertaining to the likely effects of bioactive components of algae on cancer. Conversely, more investigations required to be performed to entirely make use of its anticancer properties such as resolve the nature of cell death caused by the extract or visual detection.
Afolayan AF, Mann MGA, Lategan CA, Smith PJ, Bolton JJ, Beukes DR. Antiplasmodial halogenated monoterpenes from the marine red alga Plocamium cornutum. Phytochemistry 2009. 70, 597-600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2009.02.010
Amano H, Kakinuma M, Coury DA, Ohno H, Hara T. 2005. Effect of a seaweed mixture on serum lipid level and platelet aggregation in rats. Fisheries Science. 71(5), 1160-6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1444-2906.2005.01076.x
Antonopoulos A, Favetta P, Helbert W, Lafosse M. 2005. On-line liquid chromatography electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for the characterization of κ-and ι-carrageenans. Application to the hybrid ι-/ν-carrageenans Analytical chemistry 77(13), 4125-36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac050091o
Arasaki S, Arasaki T. 1983. Low Calorie, High Nutrition Vegetables from the Sea to Help You Look and Feel Better Japan Publications, Tokyo. (60),
Athukorala Y, Kim KN, Jeon YJ. 2006. Antiproliferative and antioxidant properties of an enzymatic hydrolysate from brown alga Ecklonia cava. Food and Chemical Toxicology 44(7), 1065-1074. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2006.01.011
Baba M, Snoeck RO, Pauwels RU, De Clercq E. 1988. Sulfated polysaccharides are potent and selective inhibitors of various enveloped viruses, including herpes simplex virus, cytomegalovirus, vesicular stomatitis virus, and human immunodeficiency virus Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 32(11), 1742-51.
Berge J, Debiton E, Dumay J, Durand P, Barthomeuf C. 2002. In vitro anti-inflammatory and anti-proliferative activity of sulfolipids from the red alga Porphyridium cruentum Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 50(21), 6227-6232. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf020290y
Carlucci MJ, Pujol CA, Ciancia M, Noseda MD, Matulewicz MC, Damonte EB, Cerezo AS. 1997. Antiherpetic and anticoagulant properties of carrageenans from the red seaweed Gigartinaskottsbergii and their cyclized derivatives: correlation between structure and biological activity International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 20(2), 97-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0141-8130(96)01145-2
Chen HM, Zheng L, Yan XJ. The preparation and bioactivity research of agaro-oligosaccharides Food Technology and Biotechnology 43(1), 29-362.
Colliec S, Fischer AM, Tapon-Bretaudiere J, Boisson C, Durand P, Jozefonvicz J. 1991. Anticoagulant properties of a fucoidan fraction. Thrombosis research 64(2), 143-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0049-3848(91)90114-C
Damonte E, Neyts J, Pujol CA, Snoeck R, Andrei G, Ikeda S, Witvrouw M, Reymen D, Haines H, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo A. 1994. Antiviral activity of a sulphated polysaccharide from the red seaweed Nothogenia fastigiata Biochemical pharmacology. 47(12), 2187-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-2952(94)90254-2
Dawczynski C, Schubert R, Jahreis G. 2007. Amino acids, fatty acids, and dietary fibre in edible seaweed products Food Chemistry 103(3), 891-9, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2006.09.041
De Clercq E. 1996. Chemotherapy of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection: anti-HIV agents targeted at early stages in the virus replicative cycle Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy 50(5), 207-215 https://doi.org/10.1016/0753-3322(96)87660-8
Farooqi AA, Butt G, Razzaq Z. 2012 Algae extracts and methyl jasmonate anti-cancer activities in prostate cancer: choreographers of ‘the dance macabre’. Cancer cell international. 12(1), 50. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1475-2867-12-50
Feldman SC, Reynaldi S, Stortz CA, Cerezo AS, Damonte EB. 1999. Antiviral properties of fucoidan fractions from Leathesiadifformis. Phytomedicine. 6(5), 335-40.
Fernández LE, Valiente OG, Mainardi V, Bello JL, Vélez H, Rosado A. 1989. Isolation and characterization of an antitumor active agar-type polysaccharide of Gracilaria dominguensis Carbohydrate research 190(1), 77-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(89)84148-5
Funk CD. 2001. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes: advances in eicosanoid biology. Science. 294(5548), 1871-5. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.294.5548.1871
Gerwick WH, Bernart MW. 1993. Eicosanoids and related compounds from marine algae In Pharmaceutical and bioactive natural products. Springer US 101-152. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2391-2_4
Ghosh T, Chattopadhyay K, Marschall M, Karmakar P, Mandal P, Ray B. 2009. Focus on antivirally active sulfated polysaccharides: from structure–activity analysis to clinical evaluation. Glycobiology 19(1), 2-15. https://doi.org/10.1093/glycob/cwn092
Gill I, Valivety R. 1997. Polyunsaturated fatty acids, part 1: occurrence, biological activities and applications Trends in biotechnology 15(10), 401-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-7799(97)01076-7
Go H, Hwang HJ, Nam TJ. 2010. A glycoprotein from Laminaria japonica induces apoptosis in HT-29 colon cancer cells. Toxicol In vitro 24(6), 154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2010.06.018 6-1553.
Gonçalves AG, Ducatti DR, Duarte ME, Noseda MD. 2002. Sulfated and pyruvylated disaccharide alditols obtained from a red seaweed galactan: ESIMS and NMR approaches. Carbohydrate research 337(24), 2443-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00318-X
Grauffel V, Kloareg B, Mabeau S, Durand P, Jozefonvicz J. 1989. New natural polysaccharides with potent antithrombic activity: fucans from brown algae. Biomaterials 10(6), 363-8. https://doi.org/10.1016/0142-9612(89)90127-0
Haugan JA. 1994. Algal carotenoids Carotenoids of brown algae (Phaeophyceae). Biochemical Systematics and Ecology 22(1), 31-41. https://doi.org/10.1016/0305-1978(94)90112-0
Hemmingson JA, Furneaux RH, Murray-Brown VH. 1996. Biosynthesis of agar polysaccharides in Gracilariachilensis Bird, McLachlan Oliveira. Carbohydrate research 287(1), 101-15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(96)00057-2
Heo SJ, Kim KN, Yoon WJ, Oh C, Choi YU, Affan A, Lee YJ, Lee HS, Kang DH. 2011. Chromene induces apoptosis via caspase-3 activation in human leukemia HL-60 cells. Food and Chemical Toxicology 49(9), 1998-2004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fct.2011.05.
Hurd CL, Harrison PJ, Bischof K, Lobban CS. Seaweed ecology and physiology Cambridge University Press; 2014 Jul 17.
Ibañez E, Herrero M, Mendiola JA, Castro-Puyana M. 2012. Extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds with health benefits from marine resources: macro and micro algae, cyanobacteria, and invertebrates In Marine Bioactive Compounds Springer US (55-98). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1247-2_2
Indira Majumdar, Ritukundu. 2015. Anti-cancerous and anti-tumorous activity of algae International Journal of Innovative Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research 3(2), 72-89.
Jacobs RS, Bober MA, Pinto I, Williams AB, Jacobson PB, de Carvalho MS. 1993. Pharmacological studies of novel marine metabolites In Pharmaceutical and Bioactive Natural Products Springer US 77-99. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2391-2_3
Jain D, Daima HK, Kuchhwaha S, Kothari SL. 2009. Plant mediated silver Nanoparticles using papaya fruit extract and evaluation of their antimicrobial activites. Digest journal of nanomaterials and biostructures 4, 557-563.
Jeon YJ, Athukorala Y, Lee JH. 2005. Characterization of agarose product from agar using DMSO Algae. 20(1), 61-7. https://doi.org/10.4490/algae.2005.20.1.061
Kim IH, Lee JH. 2008. Antimicrobial activities against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus from macro algae Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 14, 568-72. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jiec.2008.04.004
Kiriyama S, Okazaki Y, Yoshida A. 1969. Hypocholesterolemic effect of polysaceharides and polysaccharide-rich foodstuffs in cholesterol-fed rats Journal of Nutrition 97, 382-8.
Kjelleberg S, Steinberg P. 2001. Surface warfare in the sea. Microbiology today 28, 134-5.
Kolender AA, Matulewicz MC, Cerezo AS. 1995. Structural analysis of antiviral sulfated α-D-(1→ 3)-linked mannans Carbohydrate research. 273(2), 179-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6215(95)00078-8
Lahaye M, Kaeffer B. 1997. Seaweed dietary fibres: Structure, physico-chemical and biological properties relevant to intestinal physiology. Sciences des aliments. 17(6), 563-84.
Lahaye M. 1991. Marine algae as sources of fibres: Determination of soluble and insoluble dietary fibre contents in some ‘sea vegetables’ Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture. 54(4), 587-94. https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.2740540410
Lamela M. 1989. Hypoglycaemic activity op several seaweed extracts Journal of ethnopharmacology. 27(1), 35-43. https://doi.org/10.1016/0378-8741(89)90075-5
Lee JB, Hayashi K, Hashimoto M, Nakano T, Hayashi T. 2004. Novel antiviral fucoidan from sporophyll of Undariapinnatifida (Mekabu) Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 52(9), 1091-4. http://doi.org/10.1248/cpb.52.1091
Lincoln RA, Strupinski KA, Walker JM. 1991. Bioactive compounds from algae. Life Chem Rep. 8(97), 183.
Lu Xi Z, Chun E, Cai , Ting T, Guo, Jia W, Gu, Hong L, Xu, Yun Z, Yuan W, Cheng C, Liu, Pei MH. 2011. Anti-cancer effects of polysaccharide and phycocyanin from porphyra yezoensis, Journal of Marine Science and Technology 19(4), 377- 382.
Luescher-Mattli M. 2003. Algae, a possible source for new drugs in the treatment of HIV and other viral diseases Current Medicinal Chemistry-Anti-Infective Agents. 2(3), 219-25. https://doi.org/10.2174/1568012033483051
Malhotra R, Ward M, Bright H, Priest R, Foster MR, Hurle M, Blair E, Bird M. 2003. Isolation and characterisation of potential respiratory syncytial virus receptor (s) on epithelial cells Microbes and infection. 5(2), 123-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1286-4579(02)00079-5
Maruyama H, Tanaka M, Hashimoto M, Inoue M, Sasahara T. 2007. The suppressive effect of Mekabu fucoidan on an attachment of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts to the intestinal epithelial cells in neonatal mice Life Sciences 80(8), 775-781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2006.11.020
Mayer AM, Gustafson KR. 2008. Marine pharmacology: Antitumour and cytotoxic compounds European journal of Cancer. 44(16), 2357-87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2004.09.005
McHugh DJ. 1987. Production and Utilization of Products from Commercial Seaweeds FAO Fish Tech. Pap. 288, 58-115.
Michel C, Macfarlane GT. 1996. Digestive fates of soluble polysaccharides from marine macroalgae: involvement of the colonic microflora and physiological consequences for the host. Journal of applied bacteriology 80(4), 349-69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.13652672.1996.tb03230.x
Mouritsen OG. Tang: Grøntsagerfrahavet Nyt Nordisk Forlag; 2009.
Murata M, Nakazoe JI. 2001. Production and use of marine algae in Japan: Japan Agricultural Research Quarterly. 35(4), 281-90 http://doi.org/10.6090/jarq.35.281
NakashimaH, Kido Y, Kobayashi N, Motoki Y, Neushul M, Yamamoto N. 1987. Antiretroviral activity in a marine red alga: reverse transcriptase inhibition by an aqueous extract of Schizymeniapacifica Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology. 113(5), 413-6. http://doi.org/10.1007/BF00390034
NakashimaH, Kido Y, Kobayashi N, Motoki Y, Neushul M, Yamamoto N. 1987. Purification and characterization of an avian myeloblastosis and human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase inhibitor, sulfated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy. 31(10), 1524-8.
Napier JA, Michaelsont LV, Stobart AK. 1999. Plant desaturases: harvesting the fat of the land Current opinion in plant biology. 2(2), 123-7. http://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5266(99)80025-9
Nettleton JA. 1995. Omega-3 fatty acids and health In Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Health Springer US. 64-76.
Nishide E. 2001. Effects of Ulva powder on the ingestion and excretion of cholesterol in rats In Proceedings of the 17th International Seaweed Symposium, Cape Town, South Africa, Oxford University Press 165-168.
Nishino T, Nagumo T. 1991. The sulfate-content dependence of the anticoagulant activity of a fucansulfate from the brown seaweed Eckloniakurome Carbohydrate research 214(1), 193-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(00)90542-1
Pal A, Kamthania MC, Kumar A. 2014. Bioactive compounds and properties of seaweeds— A review Open Access Library Journal 1(04), 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1100752
Panlasigui LN, Baello OQ, Dimatangal JM, Dumelod MS BD. 2003. Blood cholesterol and lipid-lowering effects of carrageenan on human volunteers. Asia Pacific Journal of Clinical Nutrition 12(2), 209-14.
Parages ML, Rico RM, Abdala DRT, Chabrill M, Sotiroudis TG, Jim EC. 2012. Acidic polysaccharides of Arthrospira (Spirulina) platensis induce the synthesis of TNF- α In RAW macrophages. Journal of Applied Phycology 24, 1537-1546. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10811-012-9814-4
Patel K, Kapoor S, Dave DP, Mukherjee T. 2007. Synthesis of nanosized silver colloids by microwave dielectric heating. J. Chem. Sci. 117(4), 311-314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02704361
Pinto E, Catalani LH, Lopes NP, Di Mascio P, Colepicolo P. 2000. Peridinin as the major biological carotenoid quencher of singlet oxygen in marine algae Gonyaulaxpolyedra. Biochemical and biophysical research communications 268(2), 496-500. https://doi.org/10.1006/bbrc.2000.2142
Polívka T, Sundström V. 2004. Ultrafast dynamics of carotenoid excited states-from solution to natural and artificial systems. Chemical Reviews. 104(4), 2021-72. https://doi.org/10.1021/cr020674n
Ponce NM, Pujol CA, Damonte EB, Flores L, Stortz CA. 2003. Fucoidans from the brown seaweed Adenocystis utricularis: extraction methods, antiviral activity and structural studies. Carbohydrate Research. 338(2), 153-65. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6215(02)00403-2
PotinP, Bouarab K, Küpper F, Kloareg B. 1999. Oligosaccharide recognition signals and defence reactions in marine plant-microbe interactions. Current opinion in microbiology 2(3), 276-83. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1369-5274(99)80048-4
Prabakaran M, Subha K, Thennarasu V, Merinal S. 2012. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Sphaerulina albispiculata and evaluation of antibacterial activity. European Journal of Experimental Biology 2(1), 297-303.
Rasmussen RS, Morrissey MT. 2007. Marine biotechnology for production of food ingredients Advances in food and nutrition research.52, 237-92. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1043-4526(06)52005-4
Reddy MC, Subhashini J, Mahipal SVK C. 2003. Phycocyanin, a selective cyclooxygenase – 2 inhibitor, induces apoptosis in lipopolysaccharides stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Biochemical and Biophysical Research communications 304(2), 385-392. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0006-291X(03)00586-2
Saifuddin N, Wong W, Nur Yasumira AA. 2009. Rapid Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Using Culture Supernatant of Bacteria with Microwave Irradiation E-Journal of chemistry 6(1), 61-70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2009/734264
SambhyV, MacBride MM, Peterson BR, Sen A. 2006. Silver bromide nanoparticle/polymer composites: Dual action tunable antimicrobial materials. Journal of American Chemical Society 128, 9798-9808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja061442z
Sánchez‐Machado DI, López‐Hernández J, Paseiro‐Losada P, López‐Cervantes J. An HPLC method for the quantification of sterols in edible seaweeds Biomedical Chromatography 2004 Apr 1, 18(3), 183-90. https://doi.org/10.1002/bmc.316
Sayanova OV, Napier JA. 2004. Eicosapentaenoic acid: biosynthetic routes and the potential for synthesis in transgenic plants. Phytochemistry. 65(2), 147-58.
Segneanu AE, Cziple F, Vlazan P, Sfirloaga P, Grozescu I, Gherman VD. Biomass extraction methods In Biomass Now—Sustainable Growth and Use 2013 https://doi.org/10.5772/55338
Senthil Kumar D, Jayanthi S. 2016. Partial characterization and anticancer activities of purified glycoprotein extracted from green seaweed Codium decorticatum. Journal of Functional Foods Aug 31, 25, 323-32. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jff.2016.06.010
Shahverdi AR, Fakhimi A, Shahverdi HR, Minian MS. 2007. Synthesis and effect of silver nanoparticles on the antibacterial activity of different antibiotics against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Nanomedicine 3, 168-171. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nano.2007.02.001
Shanmugam M, Mody KH. 2000. Heparinoid-active sulphated polysaccharides from marine algae as potential blood anticoagulant agents Current Science 79(12), 1672-83.
Smit AJ. 2004. Medicinal and pharmaceutical uses of seaweed natural products: a review Journal of applied phycology. 16(4), 245-62. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JAPH.0000047783.36600.ef
Solomons NW, Bulux J. 1994. Plant sources of vitamin A and human nutrition revisited: recent evidence from developing countries. Nutrition reviews 52(2) 62.
Stefanov K, Konaklieva M, Brechany EY, Christie WW. 71988. Fatty acid composition of some algae from the black sea Phytochemistry 27(11), 3495. https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9422(88)80755-6
Sugawara I, Itoh W, Kimura S, Mori S, Shimada K. 1989. Further characterization of sulphated homopolysaccharides as anti-HIV agents Experientia. 45(10), 996-8. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01953060
TerasakiM, Hirose A, Narayan B, Baba Y, Kawagoe C, Yasui H, Saga N, Hosokawa M, Miyashita K. 2009. Evaluation of recoverable functional lipid components of several brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta) from Japan with special reference to fucoxanthin and fucosterol contents. Journal of phycology 45(4), 974-80. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1529-8817.2009.00706.x
Thangam R, Senthilkumar D, Suresh V, Sathuvan M, Sivasubramanian S, Pazhanichamy K, Gorlagunta PK, Kannan S, Gunasekaran P, Rengasamy R, Sivaraman J. 2014. Induction of ROS-dependent mitochondria-mediated intrinsic apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells by glycoprotein from Codium decorticatum Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. Apr 2, 62(15), 3410-21. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf405329e
Trusheva B, Trunkova D, Bankova V. Different extraction methods of biologically active components from propolis: a preliminary study. Chemistry Central Journal. 2007 Dec 11(1), 13. https://dx.doi.org/10.1186%2F1752-153X-1-13
Tseng CK. 2001. Algal biotechnology industries and research activities in China Journal of Applied Phycology 13(4), 375-80. https://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1017972812576
Urbano MG, Goñi I. 2002. Bioavailability of nutrients in rats fed on edible seaweeds, Nori (Porphyratenera) and Wakame (Undaria pinnatifida), as a source of dietary fibre Food Chemistry 76(3), 281-6. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(01)00273-4
Virender K, Sharma, Ria A, Yngard, Yekaterina Lin. 2009. Silver nanoparticles: Green synthesis and their antimicrobial activities Advances in Colloids and Interface Science 145, 83-96. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cis.2008.09.002
Wen ZY, Chen F. 2003. Heterotrophic production of eicosapentaenoic acid by microalgae. Biotechnology advances. 21 (4), 273-94. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0734-9750(03)00051-X
Whittaker MH, Frankos VH, Wolterbeek AM, Waalkens-Berendsen DH. 2000. Effects of dietary phytosterols on cholesterol metabolism and atherosclerosis: clinical and experimental evidence The American journal of medicine 109(7), 600-1. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-9343(99)00285-5
Witvrouw M, De Clercq E. 1997. Sulphated polysaccharides extracted from sea algae as potential antiviral drugs. General Pharmacology: The Vascular System. 29(4), 497-511. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0306-3623(96)00563-0
Wong KH, Cheung PC. 2000. Nutritional evaluation of some subtropical red and green seaweeds: Part I—proximate composition, amino acid profiles and some physico-chemical properties. Food Chemistry 71(4), 475-82, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0308-8146(00)00175-8
WuSC, Kang SK, Kazlowski B, Wu CJ, Pan CL. 2012. Antivirus and Prebiotic Properties of Seaweed-Oligosaccharide-Lysates Derived from Agarase AS-II. Journal of the Fisheries Society of Taiwan 39(1), 11-21.
Zhang H, Huang D, Cramer WA. 1999. Stoichiometrically Bound β-Carotene in the Cytochrome b6f Complex of Oxygenic Photosynthesis Protects against Oxygen Damage Journal of Biological Chemistry 274(3), 1581-7. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.274.3.1581
Zhou G, Sun Y, Xin H, Zhang Y, Li Z, Xu Z. 2004. In vivo antitumor and immunomodulation activities of different molecular weight lambda-carrageenans from Chondrusocellatus Pharmacological Research 50(1), 47-53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2003.12.002
Zhou G, Sheng W, Yao W, Wang C. 2006. Effect of low molecular λ-carrageenan from Chondrusocellatus on antitumor H-22 activity of 5-Fu Pharmacological Research. 53(2), 129-34. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2005.09.009
Zorofchian Moghadamtousi S, Karimian H, Khanabdali R, Razavi M, Firoozinia M, Zandi K, Abdul Kadir H. Anticancer and antitumor potential of fucoidan and fucoxanthin, two main metabolites isolated from brown algae The Scientific World Journal. 2, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/768323
Akanksha Dubey, Sivaraman Jayanthi (2017), Anti-cancerous attributes of marine seaweeds: A concise review; IJB, V10, N5, May, P216-231
https://innspub.net/anti-cancerous-attributes-of-marine-seaweeds-a-concise-review/
Copyright © 2017
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0