Cultural, morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization of Mucor fragilis causing bunch rot of grapes in Pakistan and its bio management through plant essential oil
Paper Details
Cultural, morphological, pathogenic and molecular characterization of Mucor fragilis causing bunch rot of grapes in Pakistan and its bio management through plant essential oil
Abstract
Post-harvest disease of grape (Vitis vinifera) especially rot caused by Mucor sp. are responsible to minimize the market value of grapes. Twenty two isolates recovered from five different locations of fruit markets located in Attock district of Punjab province, Pakistsn. During morphological characterization light sulphur yellow to off white, fluffy, fast-growing colonies were observed. Width of sporangiophores ranged 6.5 to 10.5 μm; sporangia were globose to sub globose, containing yellow to orange sporangiospores. For molecular characterization, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS1, 5.8s and ITS2) regions of two pathogenic isolates were amplified using ITS1 & ITS4 primers. Sequence comparison revealed 98-100% genetic homology (Accession no.KX550076 and KY290546) with previously reported isolates of M. fragilis. Among, In vitro evaluation of five plant essential oils against M. fragilis. Thyme oil at 0.01% concentration showed the minimum mycelia radial growth (3.6cm) 3 days after incubation at 25±2°C as compared to control (8.0cm). The thyme (Eo) was further evaluated for the presence of antimicrobial compounds viz. terpenoids, alkaloids, phenolics and saponins employing standard protocols and found positive for the presence of all compounds. During the application of thyme oil at (0.1%) concentration on fruit bunches for the determination of decaying percentage. The result showed 9.53% decay caused by M. fragilis on treated bunches up to six days of storage and control was 71.34% calculated. Keeping in all view, Thyme oil possessing good inhibitory action upon M. Fragilis may be a potential candidate for preservation and extension of shelf-life of grapes commercially.
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