Determination of aflatoxins in maize and rice grains available in Niamey city, Republic of Niger
Paper Details
Determination of aflatoxins in maize and rice grains available in Niamey city, Republic of Niger
Abstract
Aflatoxins are one of important natural contaminants of food and feed. These toxic metabolites produced mainly by Aspergillus flavus, A. parasiticus and A. nomius. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent carcinogen, teratogen and mutagen. Forty-eight samples (48) of cereal grains (maize n = 25; rice n = 23) were collected randomly from local markets of Niamey city in the Republic of Niger. These cereals were investigated for the presence of total aflatoxins (AFs). Cereals were ground and extracted using 150mL mixture of methanol and water (80:20). The filtered extract was cleaned up through a glass column of silicagel and anhydrous sodium sulfate. The presence of aflatoxins (B1, B2, G1 & G2) was determined by using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Out of 48 cereals samples, 25 were found contaminated with aflatoxins (AFs). The percentage of AFs contamination in maize and rice samples were 56% and 48% with their respective mean values of 1,6ng/g and 1,3ng/g. The highest levels of AFs contamination in maize and rice sample were 10,6ng/g and 13,8ng/g. This is the first paper on the natural occurrence of AFs in cereals, before food outbreak that happened at Wada Rafin, a small village in the Republic of Niger and then causing over 7 deaths and 20 poisoning cases.
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