Development and testing of power operated Interculture implements for poor and small farmers of Pakistan
Paper Details
Development and testing of power operated Interculture implements for poor and small farmers of Pakistan
Abstract
In Pakistan Cotton (Gossypium) is planted during “summer” season from April to June, mainly in two provinces with Punjab 75% and Sindh 25% of the total area. It is an essential oil seed and fabric cash crop, lifeline for textile and palm-oil industry of the country. However, Grapevine (Vitis) is a major fruit and in Pakistan its 70% cultivated area is in Baluchistan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa and Pothwar region of North Punjab. Heavy weed infestation is the major cause of low productivity in cotton and grapevine. To improve yield effective weed control is vital, as weeds are the most efficient users of space, sunlight, water and nutrients due to their fast growth habits. Excessive use of pre and post emergence herbicides degrading air, water, soil environment and quality of produce. To protect environment power operated intercultural-implements with different shape of blade were developed at Malik Engineering Workshop Dhudial-Chakwal with collaboration with Faculty of Agricultural Engineering & Technology, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi during 2018-19. Machine performance was tested under local condition of Punjab at two sites. For grapevine at Site-A: University Research Farm Koont-Chakwal PMAS-AAUR and for cotton at Site-B: Maher-Rab-Nawaz-Sial Agriculture Farm, Mukhiana tehsil and district Jhang. The intercultural machine was tested for weeding efficiency, plant damage, speed, depth, theoretical field capacity, effective field capacity, field efficiency, fuel consumption and operational cost. Performance of the indigenously fabricated machine blades were compared with the available rotary weeder. The data collected to experimentation was statistically analyzed at 5% level of Probability.
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