Impact of cold concentrations of neem leaf extract and their efficacy on some identified insect pests associated with soybean (Glycine max (l) Merrill) in Asaba, Nigeria
Paper Details
Impact of cold concentrations of neem leaf extract and their efficacy on some identified insect pests associated with soybean (Glycine max (l) Merrill) in Asaba, Nigeria
Abstract
This study identified and categorized some insect pests associated with soybean and the damage caused during the early and late planting seasons of 2021. Five treatments (50g, 100g, 150g, 200g Neem Leaf Cold Extract and Control were laid out using Randomized Complete Block Design with four replicates, while data on insects were calculated to know their relative abundance (%) after being subjected to identification and classification. Thirteen insect species from 5 orders and 8 families were identified at early planting, while 9 insect species from 4 orders and 4 families were identified at late planting season. Insects of the orders; Coleoptera, Lepidoptera, Hemiptera, Orthoptera and Diptera were identified. Coleoptera had a higher prevalence level. Pest infestation was higher at late planting. Damages caused by insect pests ranged from leaf defoliation, leaf scarification, and sap-sucking to pod sucking. Neem leaf cold extract (NLCE) concentrations had efficacy in controlling insect pests associated with soybean. Insect population was reduced from 51 to 24 and 66 to 21 insect numbers at early and late planting repectively with 200g NLCE. Yield parameters in early planting were significantly different (p > 0.05) from late planting. 100g NLCE recorded 1.9 t/ha seed yield as the highest yield, while 150g and 200g NLCE with Control had 1.4 t/ha respectively at early planting. Yield from early planting did better compared to late planting. Farmers are advised to use Neem Leaf Cold Extract to control insect pests associated with soybean in Asaba. 100g, 150g and 200g concentrations are recommended.
Acharya P, Ahmad M, Nayak B. 2017. Competence of Biopesticide and Neen in Agriculture. International Journal of Environment, Agriculture and Biotechnology 2(6), 238987.
Adekunle AA, Fatumbi AO, Asiwe JAN, Abikoye JO. 2005. Growing Soybean Commecially in Nigeria. International Institute for Tropical Agriculture (IITA) ISBN 975-131-254-816 Pp.
Amaugo GO, Emosairue SO. 2003. The efficacy of some indigenous medicinal plant extracts for the control of upland rice stem borers in Nigeria. Tropical and subtropical agroecosystems, Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan Merida, Yucatan, Mexica 2(3), 121-127.
Arokoyo TJ, Onyibe JE, Olowoniyan F, Chindo HJ. 1999. Soybean Production and Utilization in Nigeria. Extensive Bulletin No. 68, Federal Department of Agriculture, Abuja.
Boethel DJ. 2004. Integrated Management of Soybean Insects. In Boerma, H.R. and Specht, J.E (eds) Soybeans: Improvement, Production, and Uses, 3rd Edn. Agronomy Monograph16. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Sciences Society of America, and Soil Sciences Society of America, Madison, Wi, USA, p 833-882.
Carlson JB, Lersten NR. 2004. Reproductive Morphology In: Boerma, H.R. and Specht, J.E. (eds) Soybeans: Improvement, Production and Uses, 3rd Edn. Agronomy Monography 16. American Society of Agronomy, Crop Sciences Society of America and Soil Science Society of America,; Madison, Wi, USA, Pp 59-95.
Chang RZ. 1989. Studies on the Origin of Cultivated Soybean Oil Crop of China 1, 1-6.
Emosairue SO, Ukeh DA. 1996. Field Trials of Neem Products for the Control of Okra Flea Beetles, (Podagrica spp) in South Eastern Nigeria, African Journal of Plant Protection 6, 27-33.
FAO. 2009. FAOSTT Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.Italy http//faostatfao.or
Jakai LEN. 1993. The use of Neem in controlling cowpea pests. IITA Research No.7 September, 1993.
Jakai LEN, Oyediran OA. 1991. The Potential of Neem, Azadirachta indica for controlling post flowering pests of cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp. 1: The pod borer, Maruca testulalis Geyer, Insect Science Application 12 (1/2/3), 103-109.
Kogan M, Turnipseed SG. 1987. Ecology and Management of Soybean Arthropods. Annual Review of Entomology 32, 507-538.
Mordue AJ, Nisbet AJ. 2000. Azadirachtin from the neem tree Azadirachta indica: Its action against insects. Anais da Sociedade Entomológica do Brasil 29(4), 1-19.
Ogbinaka EJ, Tobih FO. 2015. Effects of hot neem leaf extract concentrations on some major insect pests of early maturing soybean in Asaba and the impact on yield. Journal of Agriculture & Food Environment 2(3), 2015/10.
Okonmah LU. 2012. The performance of growth and yield of ten varieties of soybean (Glycine max L Merrill) in two locations of rainforest zones of Delta State. Global Advanced Research Journal of Biotechnology 1(1), 001-004.
Sinclair JB, Kogan M, McGlamery MD. 1997. Guildelines for the Integrated Management of Soybean Pests Research Laboratory Publication No. 2, College of Agricultural Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Il, USA.
Singh G. 2010. The Soybean: Botany, Production and Uses: CAB International Nosworthy way, Wallingfood, Oxfordshire, OX108DE. UK.
Small HG, Jr, Ohlrogge AJ. 1973. Plant Analysis and an Aid in Fertilizing Soybeans and Peanuts. In: Walsh, L.M. and Beaton, J.D (eds0 Soil Testing and plant Analysis, Soil Science Society of America, Madison, W1, USA, p 315-327.
Wang LZ. 1985. The Origin Evolution and Distribution of Soybean. Soybean Science 1, 1-6.
Ogbinaka Ewoma Jimmy Andrew, Ehigie Osarobo Henry, Edema Ibe Oghenevo, Emosairue Stephen Ogagaoghene, Tobih Francis Okiemute, 2022. Impact of cold concentrations of neem leaf extract and their efficacy on some identified insect pests associated with soybean (Glycine max (l) Merrill) in Asaba, Nigeria. Int. J. Biosci., 20(6), 120-127.
Copyright © 2022 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.