Impact of sorghum and mulberry water extract on narrow leaf weeds and yield of wheat
Paper Details
Impact of sorghum and mulberry water extract on narrow leaf weeds and yield of wheat
Abstract
Wheat is the most important cereal crop in Pakistan and contributes 72% daily caloric intake with per capita wheat consumption of the region. Weeds pose serious problems in crop production as weed control is ignored due to lack of education and poor financial resources of the farmers. A field experiment was conducted to assess the allelopathic effect of mulberry and sorghum water extracts at different concentrations against noxious winter weeds like Phalaris minor and AvenafatuaL. in wheat crop at the Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. The experiment was conducted in randomized complete block design (RCBD) having four replications. All foliar treatments were applied after 30 days of sowing. Weedy check plot was kept for comparison and considered as a control. Mulberry water extract @ 36 L ha -1 was effective regarding weed density of canary grass with 58% and 57% at 45 and 60 DAS respectively as compared to weedy check. Combine application of sorghum and mulberry extracts @ 18 L ha-1 of each was good to decrease weed growth and hence the fresh weight by 59-63% and dry weight too. Mulberry water extract @ 36 L ha -1 was appeared better with 55% and 54% to control weed density of wild oat. Combine application of sorghum and mulberry extracts @ 18 L ha-1 of each produced higher number of productive tillers (343.75) per square meter and biological yield (13%) as compared to weedy check plot by discouraging the weed density and growth.
Asalam V, Kebapci W, Gucel S, Cetin E, Altundag E. 2014.Land degradation in the lower Euphrates sub region of Turkey.Journal of Environmental Biology 75, 371-363.
Bhowmik PC, Inderjit J. 2003. Challenges and opportunities in implementing allelopathy for natural weed management. Crop Protection 22, 661-671.
Blackshaw RE, Odonovan JT, Harker KN, Clayton GW, Stougaard RN. 2006. Reduced herbicide doses in field crops: A review. Weed Biology& Management 6, 10-17.
Cheema ZA, Khaliq A. 2000. Use of sorghum allelopathic properties to control weeds in irrigated wheat in a semi-arid region of Punjab. Agriculture and Ecology Environment 79, 105-112.
CrouzetO,Batisson I, Hoggan PB, Bonnemoy FEE, Bardot C, Poly F, Bohatier J, Mallet C. 2010. Response of soil microbial communities to the herbicide mesotrione: A dose-effect microcosm approach. Soil Biology and Biochemistry42, 193-202.
Einhellig FA, Rasmussen JA. 1989. Prior cropping with grain sorghum inhibits weeds. Journal of Chemistry and Ecology 15, 951–960.
FAO. 2013. Food and Agriculture Organization of United Nations.
Farooq M, Jabran K, Rehman H, Hussain M. 2008. Allelopathic effects of rice on seedling development in wheat, oat, barley and berseem. Allelopathy Journal 22, 385-390.
Hamid M, Khalil SK, Ali N, Anjum MM, Aatif M. 2017.Effect of Sorghum Water Extract Type, Concentration and Application Time on Weed Density and Yield of Wheat.International Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources. 1, 1-12.
Haq RA, Hussain M, Cheema ZA, Mushtaq MN, Farooq M. 2010. Mulberry leaf water extract inhibits bermuda grass and promotes wheat growth. Weed Biology and Management 10, 234-240.
Hassan G, Khan AI. 2007. Yield and yield components of wheat affected by wild oat AvenafatuaL densities under irrigated conditions in: African crop science proceedings 8, 33-36.
Heap I. 2008. The international survey of herbicide resistant weeds. Online Internet. Available from Accessed August 2011. http://www.Weedscience.com
Jabran K, Cheema ZA, Farooq M, Hussain M. 2010a. Lower doses of pendimethalin mixed with allelopathic crop water extracts for weed management in canola (Brassica napus). International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 12, 335-340.
Jabran K, Farooq M, Hussain M, Rehman H, Ali MA. 2010b. Wild oat (AvenafatuaL.) and canary grass (Phalaris minor Ritz.) management through allelopathy.Journal of Plant Protection Research 50, 41-44.
Jabran K, Cheema ZA, Farooq M, Basra SMA, Hussain M, Rehman H. 2008. Tank mixing of allelopathic crop water extracts with pendimethalin helps in the management of weeds in canola (Brassica napus) field. International Journal of Agriculture and Biology 10, 293-296.
Jamil M, Cheema ZA, Mushtaq MN, Farooq M, Cheema MA. 2009. Alternative control of wild oat and canary grass in wheat fields by allelopathic plant water extracts. Agronomy and Sustainable Development 29, 475-482.
Kordali S, Cakir A, Akcin TA, Mete E, Akcin A. 2009.Antifungal and herbicidal properties of essential oils and n-hexane extracts of Achilleagypsicola Hub Mor. and Achilleabiebersteiniiafan. (Asteraceae). Indian journal of Crop Production 29, 562-570.
Kudsk P, Streibig JC. 2003. Herbicides – a two-edged sword. Weed Research 43, 90-102.
Marwat KB, Saeed M, Hussain Z, Gul B, Rashid H. 2008. Study of various herbicides for weed control in wheat under irrigated conditions. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science and Research 14, 1-8.
Ozturk M, Kebapci U, Gucel S, Cetin E, Altundag E. 2012.Biodiversity and land degradation in the lower Euphrates sub region of Turkey.Journal of Environmental Biology33, 311-323.
Steel RGD, Torrie JH, Dickey D. 1997. Principles and Procedures of Statistics: A Biometrical Approach. 3rd Ed. McGraw Hill Book Co. Inc. New York, USA. pp: 172-177.
USDA. 2017. GAIN Report Number PK1704. USDA Foreign Agricultural Service.
Shahbaz Khan, Sohail Irshad, Faisal Mehmood, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid, Jameelur Rehman, Muhammad Hussain Babar, 2017. Impact of sorghum and mulberry water extract on narrow leaf weeds and yield of wheat. Int. J. Biosci., 11(5), 54-61.
Copyright © 2017 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.