Overview of drugs and drug analysis methods

Paper Details

Review Paper 01/05/2022
Views (1141)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Overview of drugs and drug analysis methods

Rahaf M. Sahli, Aljazi T. Alanazi, Lamya S. Albalawi, Haddad A. El Rabey
Int. J. Biosci. 20(5), 162-168, May 2022.
Copyright Statement: Copyright 2022; The Author(s).
License: CC BY-NC 4.0

Abstract

This paper aims to reveal the most used drug analysis techniques as well as discover the best techniques that are used to detect the poisoning materials and drugs that are used by human beings. Data were collected using a process that helps in obtaining answers and solutions to many problems and questions, helps in facilitating the decision-making and increases the quality of decisions that were taken, and also helps in improving the quality of different outputs. The most important spectrophotometric techniques that are used to detect drugs are mass selective detector technique, chemiluminescence, high-performance liquid chromatography and others. It was found that these drugs are methanol, Amphetamine/ methamphetamine, Cocaine and others. Samples taken to detect drugs in the body by spectrophotometric techniques may be Urine, blood sample, hair follicles or any other body fluids obtained from live persons or autopsy samples.

Braithwaite RA, Jarvie DR, Minty PS, Simpson D, Widdop B. 1995. Screening for drugs of abuse. I: Opiates, amphetamines and cocaine. Annal Clinical Biochemistry 32, 123-153.

Burgess C. 2007. Chapter 1. The basics of spectrophotometric measurement. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry. Techniques and Instrumentation in Analytical Chemistry 27, 1-19.

Cui-ting L, Zhang M, Yan P. 2016. Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Volatile Components of Zhengtian Pills Using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 1206391.

Dalena F, Senatore A, Marino A, Gordano A,  Basile M, Basile A. 2018. Methanol Production and Applications: An Overview, Science and Engineering, 3-28, 104139506.

El-Didamony AM, Saad MZ, Saleem NO. 2015. Spectrophotometric determination of some analgesic drugs in pharmaceutical formulations using N-bromosuccinimide as an oxidant. Journal of the Association of Arab Universities for Basic and Applied Sciences 17, 43-50.

Fiorentin TR, D’Avila FB, Eloisa Comiran E, 2017. Simultaneous determination of cocaine/crack and its metabolites in oral fluid, urine and plasma by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and its application in drug users. Journal of Pharmacology Toxicol Methods 86, 60-66.

Fiorentin TR,  D’Avila FB, Comiran E. 2017. Simultaneous determination of cocaine/crack and its metabolites in oral fluid, urine and plasma by liquid chroF.B.matography-mass spectrometry and its application in drug users. Journal of Pharmacological and Toxicological Methods 86, 60-66.

Fürész J,  Kocsis G,  Gachályi A, Karvaly G, Boldis O. 2004. Mass Selective Detection of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Related Compounds in Urine. Journal of Chromatographic Science 42(5), 259–262.

Gupta DD, Das AK, Bipul, Kalita CH, Gupta DD, Hui PK, Tag H. 2018. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry of Methanol Extract of Urtica dioica L. from Arunachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Basic and Applied Plant Sciences 1(2), 111-118.

Habib A, Nargis A, 2020. Analysis of amphetaminic drug compounds in urine by headspace-dielectric barrier discharge ionization-mass spectrometry. Arabian Journal of Chemistry 13(1), 2162-2170.

Islek DS, Ramadanoglu S. 2017. Headspace-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry analysis of methanol in blood. Med-Science 6(2), 372-374.

Miranda GESordo M,  Salazar AM. 2007. Determination of Amphetamine, Methamphetamine, and Hydroxyamphetamine Derivatives in Urine by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry and Its Relation to CYP2D6 Phenotype of Drug Users. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 31(1), 31-36.

Mostafa A. 2020. Spectrophotometric and Multivariate Calibration Techniques for Simultaneous Determination of Different Drugs in Pharmaceutical Formulations and Human Urine: Evaluation of Greenness Profile.  Journal of Analytical Methods in Chemistry, 8873003.

Nathália VS. Rodrigue Cardoso EM, Marcus VO, Andrade 2013. Analysis of seized cocaine samples by using chemometric methods and FTIR spectroscopy. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society 24, 3.

Shipman R, Conti T, Tighe T, Buel E. 2013. Forensic Drug Identification by Gas Chromatography – Infrared Spectroscopy. National Institute of Justice, 242698.

Silva MJ,  dos Anjos EV, Honorato RS. 2008.Spectrophotometric cocaine determination in a biphasic medium employing flow-batch sequential injection analysis. Analytica Chimica Acta 629(1-2), 98-103.

Sim Y.E., Jun K., Young J. 2019. Determination of methamphetamine and amphetamine enantiomers in human urine by chiral stationary phase liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Analytical Science and Technology 32(5), 163-172.

Stevens HM. 1973. Spectrophotometric method for screening urine samples for amines, including amphetamine and methylamphetamine. Journal of the Forensic Science Society 13(2), 119-125.

Tiscione NB, Alford I, Yeatman DT. 2011. Ethanol Analysis by Headspace Gas Chromatography with Simultaneous Flame-Ionization and Mass Spectrometry Detection. Journal of Analytical Toxicology 35(7), 501-11.

Related Articles

Integrated in silico and in vitro analyses reveal E-cadherin crosstalk and TF: FVIIa complex-mediated trophoblast motility via MEK/JNK activation

Kirthika Manoharan, Jagadish Krishnan, Vijaya Anand Arumugam, Shenbagam Madhavan*, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 136-144, December 2025.

Effect of flooding depth and harvest intensity on soil moisture dynamics and production of baobab (Adansonia digitata) seedlings

Sissou Zakari, Pierre G. Tovihoudji, Mouiz W. I. A. Yessoufou, Sékaro Amamath Boukari, Vital Afouda, Imorou F. Ouorou Barrè, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 127-135, December 2025.

Local food processing and associated hygienic quality in greater Lomé, Togo: Traditional cooked corn-based dough akpan wrapped in M. cuspidata, M. mannii and M. purpurea species leaves

Mamy Eklou, Komlan Edjèdu Sodjinou, Kodjo Djidjolé Etse, Awidèma Adjolo, Benziwa Nathalie Johnson, Bayi Reine Dossou, Yaovi Ameyapoh, Raoufou Radji, Akossiwoa M-L Quashie, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 114-126, December 2025.

Improving the microbiological quality of spices and spice blends using treatments accessible to SMEs/SMIs

Pingdwindé Marie Judith Samadoulougou-Kafando, Korotimi Traoré, Crépin Ibingou Dibala, Aboubacar Sidiki Dao, Josias Nikiema, Idrissa Taram, Adama Pare, Inoussa Salambéré, Donatien Kaboré, Charles Parkouda, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 102-113, December 2025.

Twin-row planting practice in village sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum L.) plantations during first ratoon under rainfed conditions in northern Côte d’Ivoire

Allé Yamoussou Joseph, Sawadogo Fatima, Traoré Mohamed Sahabane, Fondio Lassina, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 91-101, December 2025.

Prevalence of dengue infection in Delta State, Nigeria

P. A. Agbure, O. P. G. Nmorsi, A. O. Egwunyenga, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 82-90, December 2025.

Evaluation of silage quality of three sorghum varieties using in livestock systems of Burkina Faso

Barkwendé Jethro Delma, François Tapsoba, Nabèrè Ouattara, Gildas Marie Louis Yoda, Int. J. Biosci. 27(6), 72-81, December 2025.