Evaluation of three biopesticides on the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infesting maize crops (Zea mays L., 1753) in upper Casamance
Paper Details
Evaluation of three biopesticides on the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infesting maize crops (Zea mays L., 1753) in upper Casamance
Abstract
The invasion of the pest, Spodoptera frugiperda in Senegal in 2017, has increased pest pressure on crops. The excessive use of pesticides leads to harmful effects on the environment. Thus, the objective of this study is to compare the effectiveness of biopesticides with that of chemical molecules currently used on S. frugiperda. The work was carried out at the support center for Pre-extension and Multilocal Experimentation of Velingara, in Haute Casamance, in a Fisher block system. The efficacy of biopesticides (Bacillus thuringiensis var kurstaki, and Spodoptera frugiperda Multiple Nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV)) as well as that of the hydro-ethanolic extract of Ocimum gratissimum was evaluated. It was compared to that of an absolute control and a combination of chemical molecules, Emamectin benzoate 20 g/l combined with Lufenuron 80 g/l (EBL) used as a reference control. The results showed that the three bio-insecticides B. thuringiensis, SfMNPV and O. gratissimum extract are toxic on S. frugiperda larvae with efficacy rates of 70%, 52% and 64%, respectively. However, SfMNPV is less effective than the reference control. All these bio-insecticides have also effectively reduced the damage of the pest on plants, especially B. thuringiensis, which has an effectiveness equivalent to that of EBL. As for the damage to the harvested ears, B. thuringiensis and O. gratissimum have a suitability comparable to EBL. However, SfMNPV, although as effective as other bio-insecticides, is less marked than EBL in reducing ear damage. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of bioinsecticides used on S. frugiperda.
Akpo ÉL, Masse D, Grouzis M. 2000. Valeur pastorale de la végétation herbacée des jachères soudaniennes (Haute-Casamance, Sénégal). In: Floret C, Pontanier R (eds), La jachère en Afrique tropicale, 493–502.
ANSD. 2015. Situation économique et sociale régionale. ANSD-SRSD, Kolda, Sénégal.
Armenta R, Martínez AM, Chapman JW, Magallanes R, Goulson D, Caballero P, Cave RD, Cisneros J, Valle J, Castillejos V, Penagos DI, García LF, Williams T. 2003. Impact of a nucleopolyhedrovirus bioinsecticide and selected synthetic insecticides on the abundance of insect natural enemies on maize in southern Mexico. Journal of Economic Entomology 96, 649–661.
Bassene C. 2014. La flore adventice dans les cultures de maïs (Zea mays L.) dans le Sud du Bassin Arachidier: structure, nuisibilité et mise au point d’un itinéraire de désherbage. Thèse de doctorat, Université Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar, Sénégal.
Bateman ML, Day RK, Luke B, Edgington S, Kuhlmann U, Cock MJW. 2018. Assessment of potential biopesticide options for managing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Africa. Journal of Applied Entomology 142, 805–819.
Baudron F, Zaman-Allah MA, Chaipa I, Chari N, Chinwada P. 2019. Understanding the factors influencing fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda J.E. Smith) damage in African smallholder maize fields and quantifying its impact on yield: A case study in Eastern Zimbabwe. Crop Protection.
Benabdelkader T. 2012. Biodiversité, bioactivité et biosynthèse des composés terpéniques volatils des lavandes ailées, Lavandula stoechas sensu lato, un complexe d’espèces méditerranéennes d’intérêt pharmacologique. PhD thesis, Université Jean Monnet – Saint-Étienne / École Normale Supérieure de Kouba-Alger, France–Algérie.
Brévault T, Ndiaye A, Badiane D, Bal AB, Sembène M, Silvie P, Haran J. 2018. First records of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), in Senegal. Entomologia Generalis 37, 129–142.
Chowdhary K, Kumar A, Sharma S, Pathak R, Jangir M. 2018. Ocimum sp.: Source of biorational pesticides. Industrial Crops and Products 122, 686–701.
Cruz GS, Wanderley-Teixeira V, Oliveira JV, Lopes FSC, Barbosa DRS, Breda MO, Dutra KA, Guedes CA, Navarro DMF, Teixeira AC. 2016. Sublethal effects of essential oils from Eucalyptus staigeriana (Myrtales: Myrtaceae), Ocimum gratissimum (Lamiales: Lamiaceae), and Foeniculum vulgare (Apiales: Apiaceae) on the biology of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Journal of Economic Entomology 109, 660–666.
Cuartas-Otálora PE, Gómez-Valderrama JA, Ramos AE, Barrera-Cubillos GP, Villamizar-Rivero LF. 2019. Bio-insecticidal potential of nucleopolyhedrovirus and granulovirus mixtures to control the fall armyworm Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Viruses 11, 684.
DAPSA. 2018. Rapport d’évaluation préliminaire des récoltes de la campagne 2018/2018 et de la sécurité alimentaire et de la nutrition. CILSS/FAO/PAM/FEWS NET, Sénégal.
Dos Santos CAM, do Nascimento J, Gonçalves KC, Smaniotto G, de Freitas Zechin L, da Costa Ferreira M, Polanczyk RA. 2021. Compatibility of Bt biopesticides and adjuvants for Spodoptera frugiperda control. Scientific Reports 11, 5271.
dos Santos KB, Neves P, Meneguim AM, dos Santos RB, dos Santos WJ, Boas GV, Dumas V, Martins E, Praça LB, Queiroz P, Berry C, Monnerat R. 2009. Selection and characterization of Bacillus thuringiensis strains toxic to Spodoptera eridania (Cramer), Spodoptera cosmioides (Walker) and Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biological Control 50, 157–163.
Ekpa O, Palacios-Rojas N, Kruseman G, Fogliano V, Linnemann AR. 2018. Sub-Saharan African maize-based foods: Technological perspectives to increase the food and nutrition security impacts of maize breeding programmes. Global Food Security 17, 48–56.
Eldesouky SE, Khamis WM, Hassan SM. 2019. Joint action of certain fatty acids with selected insecticides against cotton leafworm, Spodoptera littoralis, and their effects on biological aspects. Journal of Basic and Environmental Sciences 6, 23–32.
El-Sheikh ESA. 2015. Comparative toxicity and sublethal effects of emamectin benzoate, lufenuron and spinosad on Spodoptera littoralis Boisd. (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Crop Protection 67, 228–234.
Erayya J, Sajeesh PK, Vinod U. 2013. Nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV), a potential biopesticide: A review. Research Journal of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences 1, 30–33.
Gonzalez-Coloma A, Reina M, Diaz CE, Fraga BM, Santana-Meridas O. 2013. Natural product-based biopesticides for insect control. In: Reference Module in Chemistry, Molecular Sciences and Chemical Engineering. Elsevier.
Guo J, Ma R, Su B, Li Y, Zhang J, Fang J. 2016. Raising the avermectins production in Streptomyces avermitilis by utilizing nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs). Scientific Reports 6, 1–10.
HEA-Sahel. 2014. Profil de référence de l’économie des ménages ruraux de la zone agro sylvopastorale (arachide/coton): Région de Kolda et Sédhiou. HEA-Sahel, USAID, WFP, SE/CNSA, Save the Children, Sénégal.
Ioriatti C, Anfora G, Angeli G, Civolani S, Schmidt S, Pasqualini E. 2009. Toxicity of emamectin benzoate to Cydia pomonella (L.) and Cydia molesta (Busck) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae): Laboratory and field tests. Pest Management Science 65, 306–312.
Kobenan KC, Tia VE, Ochou GEC, Kouakou M, Bini KKN, Dagnogo M, Dick AE, Ochou OG. 2018. Comparaison du potentiel insecticide des huiles essentielles de Ocimum gratissimum L. et de Ocimum canum Sims sur Pectinophora gossypiella Saunders (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), insecte ravageur du cotonnier en Côte d’Ivoire. European Scientific Journal 14, 286–301.
Koch MS, Ward JM, Levine SL, Baum JA, Vicini JL, Hammond BG. 2015. The food and environmental safety of Bt crops. Frontiers in Plant Science 6.
Koul O, Singh R, Kaur B, Kanda D. 2013. Comparative study on the behavioral response and acute toxicity of some essential oil compounds and their binary mixtures to larvae of Helicoverpa armigera, Spodoptera litura and Chilo partellus. Industrial Crops and Products 49, 428–436.
Kumela T, Simiyu J, Sisay B, Likhayo P, Mendesil E, Gohole L, Tefera T. 2018. Farmers’ knowledge, perceptions, and management practices of the new invasive pest, fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) in Ethiopia and Kenya. International Journal of Pest Management, 1–9.
Lei C, Yang J, Wang J, Hu J, Sun X. 2020. Molecular and biological characterization of Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus field isolate and genotypes from China. Insects 11, 777.
Martínez de Castro DL, García-Gómez BI, Gómez I, Bravo A, Soberón M. 2017. Identification of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1AbMod binding-proteins from Spodoptera frugiperda. Peptides 98, 99–105.
Metayi MHA, Ibrahiem MAM, El-Deeb DA. 2015. Toxicity and some biological effects of emamectin benzoate, novaluron and diflubenzuron against cotton leafworm. Alexandria Science Exchange Journal 36, 350–357.
Monnerat RG, Batista AC, de Medeiros PT, Martins ÉS, Melatti VM, Praça LB, Dumas VF, Morinaga C, Demo C, Gomes ACM, Falcão R, Siqueira CB, Silva-Werneck JO, Berry C. 2007. Screening of Brazilian Bacillus thuringiensis isolates active against Spodoptera frugiperda, Plutella xylostella and Anticarsia gemmatalis. Biological Control 41, 291–295.
Monteiro IN, Monteiro OS, Oliveira AKM, Favero S, Garcia NZT, Fernandes YML, Jacinto GSS, Rivero-Wendt CLG, Matias R. 2020. Chemical analysis and insecticidal activity of Ocimum gratissimum essential oil and its major constituent against Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Research, Society and Development 9, e4999119787.
Ndiaye A. 2017. Spodoptera frugiperda Légionnaire d’automne, nouveau ravageur du maïs en Afrique de l’Ouest, a atteint le Sénégal. ISRA, Sénégal.
Niang M, Seydi B, Hathie I. 2017. Étude de la consommation des céréales de base au Sénégal. FEED THE FUTURE SENEGAL NAATAL MBAY/USAID/IPAR, Sénégal.
OCDE/FAO. 2018. Perspectives agricoles de l’OCDE et de la FAO 2018–2027. Paris/Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, Rome.
Ochou OG, Kouakou M, Bini KKN. 2018. Programme Régional de Protection Intégrée du Cotonnier en Afrique (PR-PICA), Volet Côte d’Ivoire (phase II). PR-PICA/CNRA/INTERCOTON/EIRCA.
Pinto LMN, Drebes Dörr NC, Fiuza LM. 2010. The toxicity and histopathology of Bacillus thuringiensis Cry1Ba toxin to Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). In: Microorganisms in Industry and Environment, 137-140.
Priyanka M, Yasodha P, Justin CGL, Ejilane J, Rajanbabu V. 2021. Biorational management of maize fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) using Bacillus thuringiensis (Berliner) enriched with chemical additives. Journal of Applied and Natural Science 13, 1231-1237.
Rios-Velasco C, Gallegos-Morales G, Berlanga-Reyes D, Cambero-Campos J, Romo-Chacón A. 2012. Mortality and production of occlusion bodies in Spodoptera frugiperda larvae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) treated with nucleopolyhedrovirus. Florida Entomologist 95, 752-757.
Sané T, Diop M, Sagna P. 2008. Étude de la qualité de la saison pluvieuse en Haute-Casamance (Sud Sénégal). Sécheresse 19, 23-28.
Silva KFD, Spencer TA, Crespo ALB, Siegfried BD. 2016. Susceptibility of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) field populations to the Cry1F Bacillus thuringiensis insecticidal protein. Florida Entomologist 99, 629–633.
Sisay B, Simiyu J, Malusi P, Likhayo P, Mendesil E, Elibariki N, Wakgari M, Ayalew G, Tefera T. 2018. First report of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), natural enemies from Africa. Journal of Applied Entomology 142, 800–804.
Tchoumbougnang F, Dongmo PMJ, Sameza ML, Mbanjo EGN, Fotso GBT, Zollo PHA, Menut C. 2009. Activité larvicide sur Anopheles gambiae Giles et composition chimique des huiles essentielles extraites de quatre plantes cultivées au Cameroun. Biotechnologie, Agronomie, Société et Environnement 13, 77-84.
Vieira CM, Tuelher ES, Valicente FH, Wolff JLC. 2012. Characterization of a Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus isolate that does not liquefy the integument of infected larvae. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 111, 189–192.
Yarou BB, Bawin T, Boullis A, Heukin S, Lognay G, Verheggen FJ, Francis F. 2018. Oviposition deterrent activity of basil plants and their essential oils against Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae). Environmental Science and Pollution Research 25, 29880-29888.
Zhou C, Rao Y, Rao Y. 2008. A subset of octopaminergic neurons are important for Drosophila aggression. Nature Neuroscience 11, 1059-1067.
Farma Fall Babou, Djibril Badiane, Toffène Diome, Mbacké Sembène, 2025. Evaluation of three biopesticides on the invasive pest Spodoptera frugiperda Smith, 1797 (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), infesting maize crops (Zea mays L., 1753) in upper Casamance. Int. J. Biosci., 27(1), 375-385.
Copyright © 2025 by the Authors. This article is an open access article and distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license.