Valorisation of table waste and fruit waste by black soldiers (Ullicens hermetica)

Abstract

This study addresses the growing challenge of organic waste accumulation and the increasing demand for sustainable protein sources by exploring the potential of black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae for waste valorization. The importance of this work lies in its contribution to developing an eco-friendly and economically viable solution that simultaneously reduces organic waste and produces protein-rich biomass suitable for animal feed, thereby supporting circular economy practices. To achieve this, a comparative experimental approach was used in which larvae were reared on two types of substrates: mixed table waste and fruit waste. Equal quantities of each substrate were prepared, processed, and maintained under controlled environmental conditions. Larvae were seeded into the substrates and monitored over a period of 10 to 20 days. Waste reduction efficiency was determined by comparing initial and residual substrate masses, while larval biomass production was assessed by measuring growth before and after the rearing period. The results revealed that table waste was significantly more effective than fruit waste. Residual mass from table waste was 48 kg compared to 72 kg from fruit waste, indicating higher degradation efficiency. Waste reduction rates ranged from 73% to 80%. In addition, larval biomass increased dramatically, with an approximate 430-fold increase observed during the experimental period. Fruit waste showed lower performance, likely due to high moisture content and lower nutritional value. In conclusion, black soldier fly larvae demonstrate strong potential for efficient organic waste conversion, with table waste identified as the more suitable substrate for maximizing both waste reduction and biomass production.