Phenotypic identification of Candida species from various clinical samples in a resource limited setting
Paper Details
Phenotypic identification of Candida species from various clinical samples in a resource limited setting
Abstract
Candidiasis is worldwide in distribution, and is one of the common fungal diseases isolated in man, which affects the skin, mucosa and various internal organs. It is caused by various species of Candida, which is a yeast-like fungi that produce pseudohyphae. Speciation helps to understand the epidemiology of Candida species particularly, the source and mode of transmission of resistant pathogens. Various commercially available chromogenic agar medium has been studied and evaluated for presumptive identification of various species of Candida. The present study was conducted for a duration of 12 months from the month of July 2019 to the month of July 2020, in the Department of Microbiology at a medical college in Siddipet, with prior approval of institutional ethics committee. The present study was aimed at isolating and identifying the Candida species from various clinical samples by using chromogenic media for easy and rapid speciation in addition to the time consuming and labour-intensive conventional methods. Among the Candida isolates the most frequently isolated species was found to be Candida albicans. In the present study non-albicans Candida (NAC) (50.91%) had predominance over Candida albicans (49.09%). In our study, an increase in the number of cases caused by NAC was noted though the most common species isolated was Candida albicans. CHROMagar was found to be a simple, easy and also a rapid method for Candida species detection. It considerably reduced the turn-around-time.
Apurba S Sastry. 2021. Systemic Candidiasis and Systemic Mycoses. In: Apurba S Sastry Ed. Essentials of Medical Microbiology, 3rd Edition. New Delhi: Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P)Ltd 377-79.
Baradkar VP, Mathur M, Kumar S. 2010. Hichrom Candida agar identification of Candida species. Indian J Pathol Microbiol 53, 93-5.
Behzadi P, Behzadi E, Ranjbar R. 2015. Urinary tract infections and Candida albicans. Cent European J Urol 68, 96-101.
Bhavana C Nagaratnamma and Ambica R. 2017. Speciation of Candida and Antifungal Susceptibility Testing from Clinical Specimens in A Tertiary Care Hospital, Bangalore. International Journal of Current Research 9(01), 45832-45836
Chander J. 2009. Candidiasis. In: A textbook of Medical Mycology, 3rd Ed. New Delhi: Mehta Publishers 266-90.
Debasis Biswas, Sonal Agarwal, Girish Sindhwani, Jagdish Rawat. 2010. Fungal colonization in patients with chronic respiratory diseases from Himalayan region of India. Ann Clin Microbiol 9, 28.
Deepa Babin, Subbannayya Kotigadde, Sunil Rao P, Rao TV. 2013. Clinico-mycological profile of vaginal candidiasis in a tertiary care hospital in Kerala. Int J Res Biol Sci 3(1), 55-59.
Desai MH, Herndon DN, Abston S. 1987 Oct. Candida infection in massively burned patients. J trauma 27(10), 1186-8.
Dharmeswari T, Sheela Devi Chandrakesan, Nagaraja M udhigeti, Anitha Patricia, Reba Kanungo. Jan 2014. Use of chromogenic medium for speciation of Candida isolated from clinical specimens. Int J Cur Res Rev 6(1).
Esther Segal and Daniel Elad. 2005.Candidiasis. In: William G. Merz and Roberick J. Hay, Ed. Topley and Wilson’s Microbiology and Microbial Infections. Medical Mycology, 10thEd. Hodder Arnold Publishers, 579-623.
Francisca I Okungbowa, Omoanghe S, Isikhuemhen, Alice PO Dede. 2003. The distribution frequency of Candida species in the genitourinary tract among symptomatic individuals in Nigerian cities. Rev Iberoam Micol 20, 60-63.
Jacqueline M Achkar, Bettina C Fries. 2010. Candida infections of Genitourinary tract. Clin Microbiol Rev 23(2), 253.
Jaggi T, Urhekar AD, Pai C, Hodiwala AB, Gore S, Karet H. 2014. Study of Candida species in various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. Int. J. Med. Sci 5(2), 83-88.
Jha BK, Dey S, Tamang MD, Joshy ME, Shivananda PG, Bramhadatann KN. 2006. Characterization of Candida species isolated from cases of lower respiratory tract infection. Kathmandu University Med J 4, 3(15), 290-294.
Kanna BV, Kumar GA, Swapna M, Easow JM. 2017. Isolation and identification of candida species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care hospital. Int J Res Med Sci 5, 3520-2.
Kathryn M Pendleton1, Gary B Huffnagle1, 2, 3, 4 and Robert P. 2017.The significance of Candida in the human respiratory tract: our evolving understanding. Dickson1 Pathogens and Disease 75(3).
Khandari KC, Rama KM Rao. 1969. Clinical and laboratory studies on cutaneous candidiasis. Indian J Dermatol Venereol Leprol 35(2), 102-107.
Louwagie B, Surmont I, Verhaegen J, Odds F. 1995. Differential and enrichment media for selective culture and recognition of yeast species from clinical material. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 14, 406-11.
Lynn L Horvath, Duane R Hospenthal, Clinton K Murray, David P Dooley. Jun 2003. Direct Isolation of Candida spp. from Blood Cultures on the Chromogenic Medium CHROMagar Candida. J Clin Microbiol 41(6), 2629-2632.
M Bharathi, A Usha Rani. 2011 June. Pathogenic fungal isolates in sputum of HIV positive patients. J AIDS HIV Res 3(6), 107-113.
Mondal S, Mondal A, Pal N, Banerjee P, Kumar S, Bhargava D. 2013 April. Species distribution and in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns of Candida. J Inst. Med 35(1), 45-49.
Moyer GJ, Romagnoli M, Merz WG. 1995. CHROMagar for presumptive identification and detection of multiple yeast species in oncology surveillance. In: Abstracts on the 95th General Meeting of American society for Microbiology. American Society for Microbiology, Washington, D.C: Abstr F-117, 107.
Murray MP, Zinchuk R, Larone DH. 2005. CHROMagar Candida as the sole primary medium for isolation of yeasts and as a source medium for the rapid-assimilation-of-trehalose test. J Clin Microbiol 43, 1210-2.
N Pahwa, R Kumar, S Nirkhiwale, A Bandi. 2014.Species distribution and drug susceptibility of Candida in clinical isolates from a tertiary care center Indore. Indian J Med Microbiol 32(1), 44-48.
N Jain, R Kohli, E Cook, P Gialanella, T Chang, BC Fries. Mar 2007.Biofilm Formation by and Antifungal Susceptibility of Candida Isolates from Urine. Appl Environ Microbiol 73(6), 1697-1703.
Nayman Alpat S, Özguneş I, Ertem OT, Erben N, Doyuk Kartal E, Tözun M, Usluer G. 2011 Apr. Evaluation of risk factors in patients with candiduria. Mikrobiyol Bul 45(2), 318-24.
Odds FC, Bernaerts R. 1994. CHROMagar Candida, a new differential isolation medium for presumptive identification of clinically important Candida species. J Clin Microbiol 32, 1923-9.
Patricia M Tille. 2014.Overview of Fungal Identification Methods and Strategies. In: Bailey and Scott’s Diagnostic Microbiology, 13th ed. Elsevier publishers 705-31.
Pfaller MA, Houston A, Coffmann S. 1996. Application of CHROMagar Candida for rapid screening of clinical specimens for Candida, albicans, Candida tropicalis, Candida krusei, and Candida (Torulopsis) glabrata. J Clin Microbial 34, 58-61.
Rajeshwari PR. 2019. Isolation, identification and speciation of candida species from various clinical samples in a tertiary care teaching hospital in Karnataka, India. J. Evid. Based Med. Health 6(11), 866-868.
Raut SH, Varaiya A. 2009.Differentiation of Candida dubliniensis on chrom agar and Pal′s agar. Indian J Med Microbiol 27, 55-8.
Rippon JW. 1988. Candidiasis and the pathogenic yeasts. In: MartinWonseiwicz, Ed. Medical Mycology, 3rd Ed. Philadelphia: WB Saunders Company.
Rudrappa PT, Chandrashekar SC, Sumana MN. 2018. Speciation of Candida Isolates from Clinical Samples by using Conventional and Chromagar Method. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 7(3), 2663-2668.
Shah SR, Sapkal SR. 2016. Study of Risk Factors Associated with Candidiasis and Identification and Antifungal Susceptibility Pattern of Candida Isolates in a Tertiary Care Hospital. Int. J. Curr. Microbiol. App. Sci 5(6), 55-65.
Shaheen MA, Taha M. 2006. Species identification of Candida isolates obtained from oral lesions of hospitalised and non- hospitalised patients with oral candidiasis. Egyptian Dermatology Online Journal 2(1).
Shivanand Dharwad, Saldanha Dominic RM. 2011. Species Identification of Candida Isolates in Various Clinical Specimens with Their Antifungal Susceptibility Patterns. J Clin Diagn Res November (Suppl-1) 5(6), 1177-1181.
Shivaprakasha S, Radhakrishnan K, Karim P. 2007.Candida spp. other than Candida albicans: A major cause of fungaemia in a tertiary care centre. Indian J Med Microbiol 25, 405-7
Sobel JD, Myers PG, Kaye D, Levinson ME. 1981. Adherence of Candida albicans to Human Vaginal and Buccal Epithelial Cells. J Infect Dis 143 (1), 76-82.
Vijaya D, Dhanalakshmi TA, Kulkarni S. 2014.Changing trends of Vulvovaginal Candidiasis. J Lab Physicians 6(1), 28-30.
Warnock DW, Speller CD, Milne JD, Hilton AL, Kershaw PI. 1979. The epidemiological investigation of patients with vulvovaginal candidiasis: Application of a resistogram method for the strain differentiation of Candida albicans. Br J Vener Dis 55, 357-61.
Weinberger M, Sweet S, Leibovici L, Pitlik SD, Samra Z. 2003 Mar. Correlation between candiduria and departmental antibiotic use. J Hosp Infect 53(3), 183-6.
Yang YL, Cheng HH, Ho YA, Hsiao CF, Lo HJ. 2003. Fluconazole resistance rate of Candida species from different regions and hospital types in Taiwan. J Microbiol Immunol Infect 36, 187-191.
Ajitha Reddy Edula, Pasupuleti Supriya Sree (2022), Phenotypic identification of Candida species from various clinical samples in a resource limited setting; IJMM, V15, N4, October, P1-10
https://innspub.net/phenotypic-identification-of-candida-species-from-various-clinical-samples-in-a-resource-limited-setting/
Copyright © 2022
By Authors and International
Network for Natural Sciences
(INNSPUB) https://innspub.net
This article is published under the terms of the
Creative Commons Attribution License 4.0