home icon user icon
Welcome to International Network for Natural Sciences | INNS Pub.
Home My Account
Submit Manuscript
double_slash
breadcumb_bg

Species diversity of fruit bats in Bega Watershed, Prosperidad, Agusan del sur, Philippines

Paper Details

Research Paper 01/04/2015
Views (413) Download (49)
current_issue_feature_image
publication_file

Species diversity of fruit bats in Bega Watershed, Prosperidad, Agusan del sur, Philippines

Rachel Anne O. Monteclaro, Olga M. Nuñeza
J. Bio. Env. Sci.6( 4), 124-137, April 2015.
Certificate: JBES 2015 [Generate Certificate]
Key: EndemicMindanaoPollinatorsSeed dispersers

Abstract

Bats are known to be effective pollinators and seed dispersers that aid in shaping forest ecosystems. This study was conducted using the mist netting method to determine species diversity of fruit bats in three sampling sites in Bega Watershed, Barangay Mabuhay, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. One hundred eighteen individuals comprising eight bat species were documented. Four species are endemic to the country of which one species, Ptenochirus minor, is restricted to the Mindanao Faunal Region. Megaerops wetmorei was the only species recorded with vulnerable status but was present in all sampling sites. Seriation analysis using Paleontological Statistics Software showed that there is an increasing trend of species richness from sampling sites 1 to 3. Moderate diversity was observed for the whole area (H’=2.004) and site 3 was the most diverse among all sites. Cluster analysis showed that sites 2 and 3 have more similar species composition. The presence of endemic and vulnerable species suggests that Bega watershed is an area of conservation importance.

VIEWS 37
Cover PDF

Achondo MJMM, Casim LF, Tanalgo KC, Agduma AR, Bretaña BLP, Supremo JP, Mancao LS, Salem JGS, Bello VP. 2014. Occurrence and abundance of fruit bats in selected conservation areas of North Cotabato, Philippines. Asian Journal of Conservation Biology 3, 3–7.

Alcala EL, Paalan RB, Averia LT, Alcala AC. 2004. Rediscovery of the Philippines Bare-Backed Fruit Bat (Dobsonia chapmani Rabor 1952) on South Western Negros Island, the Philippines. Silliman Journal 45,123-136.

Altringham JD, Senior P. 2005. Social systems and ecology of bats. In: Ruckstuhl KE, Neuhaus P, Eds. Sexual segregation in vertebrates: ecology of the two sexes. New York: Cambridge University Press, p. 280–302.

Alviola PA, Duya MRM, Duya MV, Heaney LR, Rickart AE. 2011. Mammalian diversity patterns on Mount Palali, Caraballo Mountains, Luzon. Fieldiana Life and Earth Sciences 2, 61-74.

Ambal RGR, Duya MV, Cruz MA, Coroza OG, Vergara SG, de Silva N, Molinyawe N, Tabaranza B. 2012. Key biodiversity areas in the Philippines: priorities for conservation. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4, 2788-2796.

Anthony ELP. 1988. Age determination in bats. In: Kunz TK, Ed. Ecological and behavioral methods for the study of bats. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, p. 47-58.

Berthinussen A, Altringham J. 2012. The effect of a major road on bat activity and diversity. Journal of Applied Ecology 49, 82–89.

Brooke AP, Wiles GJ. 2009. Conservation Threats to Bats in the Tropical Pacific Islands and Insular Southeast Asia. In: T. H. Fleming and P. A. Racey. Eds. Island Bats: Evolution, ecology and conservation. London: The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., p. 405-459

Buckley R. 2004. Impact of ecotourism on terrestrial wildlife. In: Buckley R, Ed. Environmental impacts of ecotourism. United Kingdom: CAB International, Oxford, p. 211–228.

Bumrungsri S, Harbit A, Benzie C. 2007. The cave nectar bat (Eonycteris spelaea), is the major pollinator of Petai (Parkia speciosa Hassk. and P. timoriana Merr.) in southern Thailand. Bat Res News 48, 113.

Cardiff SG, Ratrimomanarivo FH, Goodman SM. 2012.The Effect of Tourist Visits on the Behavior of Rousettus madagascariensis (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae) in the Caves of Ankarana, Northern Madagascar. Acta Chiropterologica 14, 479-490.

Diserud OH, Ødegaard F. 2007. A multiple-site similarity measure. Biology letters 3, 20–22.

Duverge PL, Jones G, Rydell J, Ransome RD. 2000.Functional significance of emergence timing in bats. Ecography 23, 32–40

Esselstyn J, Garcia HJD, Saulog MG, Heaney LR. 2008. A New Species of Desmalopex (Pteropodidae) from the Philippines, with a Phylogenetic Analysis of the Pteropodini. Journal of Mammalogy 89(4), 815-825.

Esselstyn, J. 2007. A new species of striped-faced fruit bat (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae: Styloctenium) from the Philippines. Journal of Mammalogy 88, 951-958.

Estrada-Villegas S, McGill BJ Kalko EKV. 2012. Determinants of species evenness in a neotropical bat ensemble. Oikos 121, 927–941.

Fenton MB. 1997. Science and the conservation of bats. Journal of Mammalogy 78, 1-14.

Flaquer C, Puig-Montserrat X, Burgas A, Russo D. 2008. Habitat selection by Geoffroy’s bats (Myotis emarginatus) in a rural Mediterranean landscape: implications for conservation. Acta Chiropterologica 10, 61–67.

Fleming TH, Geiselman C, Kress WJ. 2009 The evolution of bat pollination: A phylogenetic perspective. Ann. Bot. 104, 1017–1043.

Fleming TH, Racey PA. 2010. Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation. Biological Conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago, pp. 560.

Francis CM, Borisenko AV, Ivanova NV, Eger JL, Lim BK, Guillen-Servent A, Kruskop SV, Mackie I, Hebert PDN. 2010. The role of DNA barcodes in Understanding and conservation of Mammal Diversity in Southeast Asia. PloS ONE 5, 1-12.

Francis CM. 1994. Vertical stratification of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in lowland and dipterocarp rainforest in Malaysia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 10, 523-530.

Fujita MS, Tuttle MD. 1991 Flying foxes (Chiroptera: Pteropodidae): threatened animals of key ecological and economic importance. Conservation Biology 5, 455-463.

Goiti U, Aihartza J, Almenar D, Salsamendi E, Garin I. 2006. Seasonal foraging by Rhinolophus euryale (Rhinolophidae) in an Atlantic rural landscape in the northern Iberian Peninsula. Acta Chiropterologica 8, 141–155.

Heaney L. R, Balete DS, Alviola P, Rickart EA, Ruedi M. 2012. Nyctalus plancyi and Falsistrellus petersi (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) from Northern Luzon, Philippines: Ecology, phylogeny, and biogeographic implication. Acta Chiropterologica 14, 265-278.

Heaney LR, Dolar ML, Balete DS, Esselstyn JA, Rickart EA, Sedlock JL.2010 synopsis of Philippine mammals. The Field Museum of Natural of Natural History in co-operation with the Philippines Department of Environment and Natural Resources-Protected Areas and Wildlife Bureau. Retrieved from http://www.fieldmuseum.org/philippine_mammals/.

Heaney LR, Heideman PD, Rickart EA, Utzurrum RB, Klompen JSH. 1989. Elevational zonation of mammals in the central Philippines. Journal of Tropical Ecology 5, 259-280.

Heaney LR, Tabaranza BR Jr, Balete DS, Rickart EA, Ingle NR. 2006. The mammals of Mt. Kitanglad Nature Park, Mindanao, Philippines. Fieldiana: Zoology 112, 1-63.

Heaney LR, Walsh JS Jr, Peterson T. 2005. The roles of geological history and colonization abilities in genetic differentiation between mammalian populations in the Philippine Archipelago. Journal of Biogeography 32, 229-247.

Henry M, Thomas DW, Vaudry R, Carrie M. 2002. Foraging distances and home range of pregnant and lactating Little Brown Bats (Myotis lucifugus). Journal of Mammalogy 83, 767-774.

Hodgkison R, Balding ST. 2004. Temporal variation in the relative abundance of fruit bats (Megachiroptera: Pteropodidae) in relation to the availability of food in a lowland Malaysian rain forest. Biotropica 36, 522-533.

Hoffmann A, Dechener J, Rovero F, Schaer J, Voigt C, Wibbelt G. 2010. Field methods and techniques for monitoring mammals. In: Eymann J, Degreef J, Hauser C, Monje JC, Samyn Y, Spiegel DV, Eds. Manual on field recording techniques and protocols for all taxa biodiversity inventories and monitoring. Sofia, Bulgaria: Pensoft Publishers, p. 482-529.

http://en.wikipedia.org.2014.Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prosperidad,_Agusan_ del_Sur.

http://en.wikipedia.org.  2015.  Agusan  del  Sur. Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agusan_del_Sur.

Ingle NR, Heaney LR. 1992. A key to the bats of the Philippine Islands. Fieldiana: Zoology 69, 1–44.

Ingle NR, Sedlock, JL, Heaney LR. 1999. Bats of Mindanao Island, Philippines. Laminated color field guide. The Field Museum, Chicago, p. 2.

IUCN. 2014. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2014.3. Retrieved from www.iucnredlist.org

Kalko, EKV, Friemel D, Handley CO, Schnitzler HU. 1999. Roosting and foraging behavior of two Neotropical gleaning bats, Tonatia silvicola and Trachops cirrhosus (Phyllostomidae). Biotropica 31, 344-353.

Kelm DH, Wiesner K.R, Vonhelversen O. 2008. Effects of artificial roosts for frugivorous bats on seed dispersal in a neotropical forest pasture mosaic. Conservation Biology 22, 733– 741.

Kingston T. 2008. Research priorities for bat conservation in Southeast Asia: A consensus approach. Biodiversity and Conservation 19, 471:484.

Kunz TH, Braun de Torrez E, Bauer, Lobova, DBT, Fleming TH. 2011. Ecosystem Services Provided by Bats. Annals of New York Academy of Sciences 1223, 1–38.

Kunz TH, Lumsden LF. 2003. Ecology of cavity and foliage roosting bats. In: Kunz TH, Fenton MB, Eds. Bat ecology. Chicago, Illinois: University of Chicago Press, p. 3-89.

Kunz TH, Wrazen JA, Burnett CD. 1998. Changes in body mass and fat reserves in pre-hibernating little brown bats (Myotis lucifugus). Ecoscience 5, 8–31.

Lobite NJS, Lubos LC, Japos GV. 2013. Preliminary assessment of the Chiropteran fauna of the Oro River, Cagayan de Oro City, Philippines. Asian Journal of Biodiversity 4,119-134.

Maryanto I, Yani M, Prijono SN, Wiantoro S. 2011. Altitudinal distribution of fruit bats (Pteropodidae) in Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Hystrix It. J. Mamm. 22, 167-177.

Maryanto I, Yani M. 2003. The new species of the Rousette bat from Lore Lindu National Park, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. Mamm. Study 28, 111-120.

McCain CM. 2007. Could temperature and water availability drive elevational species richness patterns? A global case study for bats. Global Ecology and Biogeography 16, 1-13.

Medellin RA, Equihua M, Amin MA. 2000. Bat diversity and abundance as indicators of disturbance in Neotropical rainforests. Conservation Biology 14, 1666-1675.

Mickelburg SP, Hutson AM, Racey PA. 2002. A review of the global conservation status of bats. Oryx 36, 18–34.

Mittermeier RA, Myers N, Robles-Gil P, Mittermeier CG. 1999. In: Hotspots. Earth’s biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions. Mexico City: CEMEX/Agrupacion Sierra Madre, p.432.

Mohagan AB, Nuneza OM, Escarlos JA Jr, Gracia AG Jr, Selpa ECT, Baguhin LJB, Coritico FP, Amoroso VB. 2015. Diversity and endemism of terrestrial mammals in four long term ecological research sites in Mindanao, Philippines. The Asian International Journal of Life Sciences 24, 219-233.

Mould A. 2012. Cave bats of the central west coast and the southern section of the Northwest Panay Peninsula, Panay Island, Philippines. Journal of Threatened Taxa 4, 2993-3028.

Nuñeza OM, Galorio AHN. 2014. Cave bat fauna of Siargao Island protected landscape and seascape, Philippines. AES Bioflux 6, 243-255.

O’Malley R, King T, Turner CS, Tyler S, Benares J, Cummings M, Raines P. 2006. The diversity and distribution of the fruit bat fauna (Mammalia, Chiroptera, Megachiroptera) of Danjugan Island, Cauayan, Negros Occidental, Philippines (with notes on the Microchiroptera) Biodiversity and Conservation 15, 43-56.

Odum EP, Barrett GW. 2006. Fundamentos de Ecologia. São Paulo, Thomson Learning, p. 612.

Paguntalan LMJ, Jakosalem PGC. 2008. Conserving threatened and endemic fruit bats in isolated forest patches in Cebu with notes new records and rediscoveries. Silliman Journal 48, 81-94.

Paguntalan LMJ, Pedregosa, MdG, Gadiana MJC. 2004. The Philippine bare-backed fruit bat Dobsonia chapmani Rabor, 1952: Rediscovery and conservation status on Cebu Island. Silliman Journal 45, 113-122.

Pellegrini TG, Ferreira RL. 2012. Sampling effort in mite communities associated with cave bat guano. Speleobiology Notes 4, 10-16.

Posa MRC, Diesmos AC, Sodhi NS, Brooks TM. 2008. Hope for threatened biodiversity: lessons from the Philippines. BioScience 58, 231-240.

Racey PA, Entwisle AC. 2003. Conservation ecology of bats. In: Kunz TH, Fenton MB eds. Bat ecology. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, p. 680-743.

Racey PA, Fleming TH. 2009. Evolution, Island Bats: Evolution, Ecology and Conservation. The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London.

Racey PA. 1998. The importance of the riparian environment as a habitat for European bats. Symp. Zool. Society London 71, 69–91.

Rahman MRA, Tingga RCT, Azhar MIA, Hasan NH, Abdullah MT. 2011. Bats of the wind cave Nature Reserve, Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo. Tropical Natural History 11,159-175.

Rickart EA, Heaney LR, Heidman PD, Utzurrum RCB. 1993. The distribution and ecology of mammals on Leyte, Biliran, and Maripipi islands, Philippines. Fieldiana: Zoology 72, 1-62.

Sedlock, JL, Ingle NR. 2010. Cave Bats of the Philippines extracted from Synopsis of Philippine Mammals. Retrieved from http://www.fieldmuseum,org/

Sewall BJ, Granek EF, Trewhella WJ. 2003 The endemic Comoros island fruit bat Rousettus oblivious: ecology, conservation and Red List status. Oryx 37, 344352.

Speakman JR, Racey PA, Catto CMC, Webb PI, Swift SM, Burnett AM. 1991. Minimum summer populations and densities of bats in N.E. Scotland, near the northern borders of their distribution. J. Zoology 225, 32–345.

Suarez RK, Sajise PE. 2010. Deforestation, Swidden Agriculture and Philippine Biodiversity. Philippine Science Letters 3, 91-99.

Threlfall CG, Law B, Banks PB. 2012. Sensitivity of insectivorous bats to urbanization: Implications for suburban conservation planning. Biological Conservation 146, 41-52.

Utzurrum RCB. 1984. Fig Fruit Consumption and Seed Dispersal by Frugivorous Bats in the Primary Tropical Rain Forest of Lake Balinsasayao, Negros Oriental, Philippines. Unpublished M.S. thesis, Silliman University, Dumaguete City, Philippines.

Vleut I, Levy-Tacher SI, Galindo-Gonzalez J, De Boer WF, Ramirez-Marcial N. 2012. Tropical rain-forest matrix quality affects bat assemblage structure in secondary forest patches. Journal of Mammalogy 93, 1-11.

Warguez D, Tagarda, PMM, Demayo C. 2013.Diurnal roosting preferences of cave-dwelling bats in Northeastern Agusan Del Norte, Mindanao, Philippines. ELBA Bioflux, 5, 103-116.

Submit Manuscript