Synergistic antimicrobial activity of black seed (Nigella sativa) with ciprofloxacin against multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium
Paper Details
Synergistic antimicrobial activity of black seed (Nigella sativa) with ciprofloxacin against multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium
Abstract
Typhoid fever is an important cause of disease and death in south east and south central Asia. Itis becoming resistant to more potent drugs such as fluoroquinolones and third generation cephalosporins. It was a descriptive experimental study in which preserved bacterial isolates of multi drug resistant (MDR) Salmonella typhimuirum (n=49) were used. The methods used for antibacterial effect was agar well diffusion method and disc diffusion method for black seed extract and ciprofloxacin respectively, agar dilution method for minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and microtitre checkerboard method for synergism. The antibacterial effect of ethanolic black seed extract by agar well diffusion method did not show any inhibition zone at 100 % concentration v/v. By agar dilution method, the MIC of ciprofloxacin was 0.25 µg/ml, 0.5 µg/ml and 1 µg/ml for 6 isolates (12 %), 2 µg/ml for 20 isolates (40 %), 4 µg/ml for 48 isolates (97 %), 8 µg/ml for 49 isolates (100 %). The extract inhibited 23 isolates (46 %) at 64 % concentration which was the highest concentration used by agar dilution method. The ciprofloxacin and ethanolic black seed extract exhibited synergism against two S. typhimurium isolates, indifference against 45 tested isolates, and not determinable against 2 isolates. A newly tried combination showed to be synergistic against two isolates, indifferent against 45 tested MDR S. typhimurium isolates and not determinable (ND) against 2 isolates.
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Fazal-ur-Rehman, Abdul Hannan, Fiaz Ahmad, Maryam Khan, Saba Shamim (2020), Synergistic antimicrobial activity of black seed (Nigella sativa) with ciprofloxacin against multidrug resistant Salmonella typhimurium; IJB, V17, N6, December, P328-337
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